Bacterial biofuels

C. Drahl (2011) Retooling a bacterial biofuel factory. Chem. g. News., 89(15), 36-37. 

A special case of electrocatalysis is encountered in the enzyme and bacterial biofuel cells discussed in Section 9.2, where very restrictive conditions are imposed on the function of biocatalysts a pH value of the medium of about 7 and a temperature close to room temperature. 

Scandola M, CeccomUi G, Doi Y (1990) Viscoelastic relaxations and thermal properties of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvaleiate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate). Int J Biol Macromol 12 112—117 Scharlemann JPW, Laurance WF (2008) How green are biofuels Sdence 319 43-44 Senior PJ, Dawes EA (1973) The regulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azotobacter beiqerinckii. Biochem J 134 225—238 Shah AA, Hasan F, Hameed A (2010) Degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-valerate) by a newly isolated Actinomadura sp. AF-555, from sod. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 64 281-285... 

Albers, E., Johansson, E., Franzen, C.J., and Larsson, C. (2011) Selective suppression of bacterial contaminants by process conditions during lignocellulose based yeast fermentations. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 4, 1-8. 

Cavka, A., Guo, X., Tang, S.-J., Winestrand, S., Jonsson, L.J., Hong, F., 2013. Production of bacterial cellulose and enzyme from waste fiber sludge. Biotechnol. Biofuels 6, 1-10. 

Major Applications CMOS technology, waveguides, electroluminescent device, inks, plastics, biofuel cells,9 detect bacterial growth, lipids, DNA, diagnosis of diseases related to amyloid accumulation, 3 fluorescent probes,, therapy of viral diseases, photodynamic therapy Safety/Toxicity Carcinogenicity, cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, 9 teratogenicity ... 

PHA applications as bioplastics, fine chemicals, implant biomaterials, medicines, and biofuels have been researched for many years. Bacterial PHA synthesis has been found... 

HAME derived from bacterial PHA was developed by the author s lab, the PHA-based biofuel could provide a strong candidate for current biofuels or fuel additives market. 

Brigham CJ, Kurosawa K, Rha CK, Sinskey AJ (2011) Bacterial carbon storage to value added products. J Microbial Biochem Technol 83 83-002 Brigham CJ, Gai CS Lu J, Speth DR, Worden RM, Sinskey AJ (2012) Engineering Ralstonia eutwpha for production of isobutanol from CO, H, and Oy In Lee JW (ed) Advanced biofuels and bioproducts. Springer, New York, DOI 10.1007/978-l-4614-3348-4 39 Bruland N, Voss I, Bramer C, Steinbtichel A (2009) Unravelling the C(3)/C(4) carbon metabolism in Ralstonia eutropha H16. J Appl Microbiol 109 79-90 Budde CF, Mahan AE, Lu J, RhaC, Sinskey AJ (2010) Roles of multiple acetoacetyl coenzyme A reductases in polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis in Ralstonia eutropha H16. J Bacteriol 192 5319-5328... 

In their mechanism and nature of their action, however, bacterial and enzyme fuel cells have much in common. In bacterial fuel cells, intermediate redox systems are often used to facilitate electron transfer to (or from) the substrate, but as the effect of microorganisms is much less specific than that of enzymes, a much wider selection of redox systems can be used, down to the simplest Fe /Fe system. The working conditions of these two types of biofuel cells are also similar a solution pH around 7 and moderate temperatures close to room temperature. 

Bacterial cellulases have applications in agricultural and industrial processes, including laundry and detergents, textile, food and animal feed, pulp and paper, and biofuel industries... 

Rosenau F, Jaeger KE (2000) Bacterial lipases from pseudomonas regulation of gene expression and mechanisms of secretion. Biochimie 82 1023-1032 Rubin EM (2008) Genomics of cellulosic biofuels. Nature 454 841-845 Ruiz C, Blanco A, Javier Pastor FI, Diaz P (2002) Analysis of Bacillus megaterium lipolytic system and cloning of LipA, a novel subfamily 1.4 bacterial lipase. EEMS Microbiol Lett 217(2) 263-267... 

Biofuel industry is one of the upcoming industries who are in search of new and different strategies for the conversion of biomass into biofuel products. Since Archaea are exposed to strict sunlight, they have adapted a mechanism to convert solar energy by the transversion of protons and chloride ions for phototaxis. They harbor light sensitive proteins called the bacterial rhodopsin, a 25 kDa protein that carries the retinal group linked to lysine-216 by the Schififbase action. The bacteriorhodopsin protein is used in holography, spatial modulators, artificial retina and volumetric and associative optical memories (Alqueres et al., 2007). 

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