Bacteria mobilization

Whiting S.N., Souza M.D.m Terry N. Rhizosphere bacteria mobilize Zn for hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi caemlescens. Environ Sc Technol 2001 35 3144-3150. 

Electrobioremediation Mobilization of Hydrocarbons and Increase of Bacteria Mobility... 

We have computed the problem (UVC) for t G (0,180) minutes.The initial contamination of the soil was given by the Figure 4.1. The typical breakthrough surfaces of bacteria (mobile and sorbed) are shown at Figures 4.5, 4.6, respectively. At Figure 4.3 we can observe a peak in contaminant concentration which is very poisonous. Because it is confined to a very small area, there isn t any visible dip in the bacteria concentration at the same time, see figures 4.5 and 4.6. It will vanish later (Figure 4.4) due to the supply of bacteria. The influence of the adsorption capacity M and the adsorption rate... 

According to Lohner [4], the potential benefits of electrokinetic and electrochemical processes coupled with bioremediation include enhancement of pollutant bioavaUabUity by means of electrokinetic mobilization, increase of restricted soil bacteria mobility by electrokinetic transport processes, electrokinetic-induced mass transfer and transport of ionic electron acceptors and nutrients, and electrochemical production of limited electron donors (H2) and acceptors (O2). 

Over 4 decades, between 1960 and 2000, the development of new antibiotics used well characterized basic structures for partial synthetic modifications, primarily to overcome resistance by increasing the pharmacodynamic properties and, secondarily, to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of older compounds. However, bacteria rapidly responded by acquiring additional genetic alterations either as mutations or by accumulating resistance genes as part of mobile genetic elements ( integrons) on transferable resistance plasmids. 

Bioluminescence can be used for spedfic detection of separated bioactive compounds on layers (BioTLC) [46]. After development and drying the mobile phase by evaporation, the layer is coated with microorganisms by immersion of the plate. Single bioactive substances in multicomponent samples are located as zones of differing luminescence. The choice of the luminescent cells determines the specificity of detection. A specific example is the use of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri with the BioTLC format. The bioluminescence of the bacteria cells on the layer is reduced by toxic substances, which are detected as dark zones on a fluorescent background. BioTLC kits are available from ChromaDex, Inc. (Santa Ana, CA). 

Key mechanisms important for improved oil mobilization by microbial formulations have been identified, including wettability alteration, emulsification, oil solubilization, alteration in interfacial forces, lowering of mobility ratio, and permeability modification. Aggregation of the bacteria at the oil-water-rock interface may produce localized high concentrations of metabolic chemical products that result in oil mobilization. A decrease in relative permeability to water and an increase in relative permeability to oil was usually observed in microbial-flooded cores, causing an apparent curve shift toward a more water-wet condition. Cores preflushed with sodium bicarbonate showed increased oil-recovery efficiency [355]. 

Many examples of mobile elements are found in bacteria, where they are called transpo-sons. Bacterial transposons have terminal repeat sequences that both code for the enzymes catalyzing the process of transposition (transposases) and physically interact with these enzymes to bring them to the DNA target site. At this site the DNA-bound transposase presumably catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of the terminal repeat sequence of the trahsposon and also catalyzes a similar sequence in the target DNA. 

The mechanism of the intracellular degradation of poly(HA) by bacteria, i.e., the mobilization of a previously accumulated polyester, is poorly understood (see also the chapter by Babel et al. in this book). Most of the research on intracellular poly(3HB) mobilization was done more than 30 years ago. Lemoigne observed in 1925 that 3-hydroxybutyrate was the main product of anaerobic breakdown of poly(3HB) in Bacillus M [12,137]. Macrae and Wilkinson [138, 139] noticed a reduction of the poly(3HB) content of Bacillus megaterium upon aerobic incubation of poly(3HB)-rich cells in phosphate buffer. The authors found that autolysis of poly(3HB)-rich cells occurred later and to a minor extent compared to poly(3HB)-poor cells and proposed that poly(3HB) might... 

---