Bacteria fuel cell

Some new developments are also proposed such as a system based on the use of electrochemically active bacteria in combination with a microbial fuel cell [34], giving good responses over 60 days, or a biosensor developed for fast... 

The so-called microbial fuel cells (MFC) are a completely different type of fuel cell. Here, bacteria are used to convert a bio-usable substrate directly into electricity. In the future, it might be possible to run an MFC for medical purposes by using glucose directly from the patient s bloodstream (Logan et al., 2006). 

Formic acid bacteria Citrobacter Fuel cell 30 10-10 ... 

Some anaerobic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Clostiridium butyricum produce hydrogen from formic acid. Therefore, determination of formic acid is possible by using Clostridium butyricum and a fuel cell type electrode(9). 

There are two types of electrochemical interactions with bacteria bactericidal and fuel-cell related. 

The ultradeep desulfurization of the current infrastructure fuels has become a bottleneck in the production of H2 for fuel cell applications. It is urgent to develop a more efficient and environmentally friendly process and technology for the ultradeep desulfurization of the hydrocarbon fuels. Consequently, many approaches have been conducted in order to improve the conventional HDS process and to develop new alternative processes. These approaches include catalytic HDS with improved and new catalysts, reactor and/or process, adsorptive desulfurization,27 oxidative desulfurization (ODS), extractive desulfurization (EDS), and biodesulfurization (BDS) by using special bacteria and others. Some of these works were reviewed recently by Topsoe et al.,15 Whitehurst et al.,28 Kabe et al.,29 Cicero et al.,30 Babich and Moulijn,31 Dhar et al.,32 Song,33 Song and Ma,16,34 Bej et al.,35 Mochida and Choi,36 Hemandez-Maldonado and Yang,37,38 Hemandez-Maldonado et al.,39 Topsoe,40 Brunet et al.,41 Gupta et al.,42 and Ito and van Veen.43... 

Bacteria and certain other biological agents can be utilized in three basic types of fuel cells a product cell, depolarized cell, and regenerative cell. In the first type, bacteria are used to produce an electroactive species that can be oxidized or reduced at an appropriate electrode. In the second type, bacteria are utilized to consume one or more of the electrode products, thus acting as a depolarizer. Lastly, bacteria are utilized to regenerate an electroactive species, by combining the first and second types. 

Parra E, Lin L (2009) Microbial fuel cell based on electrode-exoelectrogenic bacteria interface. Proc. of 19th IEEE Int. Conf. on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 31-34... 

Roller, S., Bennetto, H., Delaney, G., Mason, J., Stirling, J., Thurston, C. (1984). Electron-transfer coupling in microbial fuel cells. Comparison of redox-mediator reduction rates and respiratory rates of bacteria. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 34, 3-12. 

Suzuki, S. (1976). Fuel cells with hydrogen forming bacteria. Hospital hygiene Gesundheitswe-sen und desinfektion, 68, 159. 

A bacterial fuel cell. The blowup shows the scanning electron micrograph of the bacteria grow ng on a graphite anode. The fritted disc allows the ions to pass between the compartments. 

A new group of fuel cell is microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which is a novel technology that produces electricity using bacteria as electrocatalysts. The performance of MFCs is influenced by the type of electrode, the electrode distance, the type and surface area of their membrane, their substrate and their microorganisms. The most common catalyst used in cathodes is platinum (Pt). Ghasemi et al. applied chemically and physically activated carbon nanofibers as an alternative cathode catalyst to platinum in a two-chamber microbial fuel cell for the first time [155]. 

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), in general work like a PEMFC, but bacteria are responsible for the oxidation reaction. 

Major Applications Waveguides, fuel cells, sensors,4 sol-gel technology, display device, falsification-proof security paper, paints, detergents, identifying fresh and stale rice, detecting lactic acid bacteria," dental materials,vaginal infection test method ... 

Logan, B.E. (2009) Exoelectrogenic bacteria that power microbial fuel cells. Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 7 (5), 375-381. 

Green electricity production with living plants and bacteria in a fuel cell. Int.J. Energy Res., 32 (9), 870-876. 

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