Chemotaxis Bacteria

Bassler, B. L., Gibbons, P. J., Yu, C., and Roseman, S., Chitin utilization by marine bacteria. Chemotaxis to chitin oligosaccharides by Vibrio furnissii, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 24268, 1991. 

Defensins HD 1-6 HBD 1 and 2 Neutrophils (HD1-4) epithelial cells (HBD 1 and 2) macrophages Bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and some viruses Cidal activity and chemotaxis Upregulated in the lungs of smokers [36]... 

A recent experiment compared for the first time pollutant degradation by chemotactic bacteria and nonchemotactic mutants [54]. The result suggested an important role of chemotaxis in the bioremediation of contaminated soils. In a heterogeneous system, in which naphthalene was supplied from a microcapillary, a 90% reduction in the initial amount of naphthalene took six hours with the chemotactic wild-type Pseudomonas putida PpG7, while a similar reduction with either a chemotaxis-negative or a nonmotile mutant strain took about five times longer. Only the systems inoculated with the chemotactic strain exhibited degradation rates in excess of the rate of naphthalene diffusion from the... 

Amsler CD, Iken KB (2001) Chemokinesis and chemotaxis in marine bacteria and algae. In McClintock JB, Baker BJ (eds) Marine Chemical Ecology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida,... 

Hoffman LR (1960) Chemotaxis of Oedogonium sperms. Southwestern Nat 5 111-116 Holmstrom C, James S, Egan S, Kjelleberg S (1996) Inhibition of common fouling organisms by marine bacterial isolates with special reference to the role of pigmented bacteria. Biofouling 10 251-259... 

Freter, R., O Brien, P. C., and Macsai, M. S. (1981). Role of chemotaxis in the association of motile bacteria with intestinal mucosa In vivo studies. Infect. Immun. 34, 324—340. 

Carboxyl groups of certain glutamate side chains in proteins that control bacterial chemotaxis are methylated reversibly to form methyl esters.130 This carboxylmethylation occurs as part of a reaction sequence by which the bacteria sense compounds that can serve as food or that indicate the presence of food... 

Chemoheterotrophic bacteria 8 Chemolithotrophic bacteria 7 Chemoprevention 575 Chemoreceptors 562s bacterial 561—563 Chemostat 470 Chemotaxis... 

The answer lies in the attraction of bacteria to compounds that they can metabolize. Bacteria will swim toward such compounds but away from repellent substances, a response known as chemotaxis. Cells of E. coli swim toward higher concentrations of L-serine (but not of D-serine), of L-aspartate, or of D-ribose. 

Phytochrome is found not only in higher plants but also in algae, where it controls the movement of chloroplasts,611 and also in cyanobacteria.623 54 Cyano-bacterial phytochromes contain histidine kinase domains, which may function in a two-component system with a response regulator similar to protein CheY of the chemotaxis system in E. coli (Fig. 19-5).624/625 Some nonphotosynthetic bacteria also use bacteriophytochromes for light sensing. In some cases biliverdin (Fig. 24-24) is the chromophore.6253... 

Standard models for bacterial chemotaxis are based on the behavior of nonmarine enteric bacteria.196 Chemotactic behavior of nonmarine bacteria consists of discrete steps of short runs interspersed with tumbling, resulting in the random repositioning of the cells, i.e., the classical random walk. As a consequence, the net speed up a chemical gradient via the random-walk response is only a few percent of the swimming speed. The relatively slow speed and mode of chemotaxis displayed by nonmarine enteric bacteria would restrict the ability of marine bacteria to respond to chemical gradients in the sea and hence cast doubt on the importance of chemotaxis for bacteria in turbulent marine environments. 

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