Bacteria chemical characterization

Holden, M.T.G, Chhabra, S.R. de Nys, R., Stead, P., Bainton, NJ., Hill, P.J., Manefield, M., Kumar, N Labatte, M., England, D., Rice, S., Givskov, M., Salmond, GP.C., Stewart, G.S.A.B., Bycroft, B.W., Williams, P. Quorum sensing cross-talk isolation and chemical characterization of cyclic dipeptides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria. Mol Microbiol 1999 33 1254-1266. 

Isolation and chemical characterization of TA started in the early nineteenth century (e.g. hyoscyamine in 1833 scopolamine in 1881 cocaine in 1862 [1]) thus representing early examples of pharmacognosy, which denominates the discovery of drugs from medicinal plants, fungi, bacteria and marine organisms [1, 8],... 

In addition to the physical and chemical characterization of water and wastewater, it is important that the microbiological constituents be also addressed. The constituent microbiological characterizations to be discussed in this section include the following bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. In addition, qualitative and quantitative tests for the coliform bacteria will also be addressed. The treatment then proceeds to viruses and protozoa. The treatment on protozoa will include discussion on Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Entamoeba histolytica. 

Pilone, G.J., Kunkee, R.E., and Webb, A.D. 1966. Chemical characterization of wines fermented with various malolactic bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. 14, 608-615. 

Bacilio-Jimenez, M., Aguilar-Flores, S., Ventura-Zapata, E., Peres-Campos, E., Bouquelet, S., and Zeteno, E. (2003). Chemical characterization of root exudates from rice (Oryza sativa ) and their effects on the chemotactic response of endophytic bacteria. Plant Soil 249, 271-277. 

FIGURE 18.8 Topographic plots of compensation voltage versus retention time from the Py-GC-DMS characterization of positive ions for E. coli (a). Micrococcus luteus (b), and B. megaterium (c). The intensity scale ranges from 0.9 V (white) to 2.5 V (black) in equal steps of 0.1 V. (From Schmidt et ah, Microfabricated differential mobility spectrometry with pryrolysis gas chromatography for chemical characterization of bacteria, Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 5208-5217. With permission.)... 

Schmidt, H. Tadjimukhamedov, R Mohrentz, I.V. Smith, G.B. Eiceman, G.A., Microfabricated differential mobihty spectrometry with pryrolysis gas chromatography for chemical characterization of bacteria. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 5208-5217. 

Klebsiella pneumonia KYCC 4352, co//ATCC10536, and . aureus ATCC 6538 were the three different bacteria with gram-postive and gram-negative characteristics that were selected to determine the antimicrobial activity of nanofibrous webs made from PVP/ CTAB salt. A detailed chemical characterization was performed on the produced nanofibrous webs by carrying out Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR], ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis], and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS] measurements. ... 

Nichols MC, Garon S, Bowman JP, Nichols PD, Gibson JAE, Guezennec J (2005) Chemical characterization of exopolysaccharides from Antarctic marine bacteria. Microb Ecol 49 578-589... 

Several observations on the behavior of influenza bacilli toward V factor, before chemical characterization of the factor, had suggested certain connections with the metabolism of the bacteria (see 106) though only in very general terms. More specific was Pittman s (95) observation of the lesser need by H. influenzae for V factor when culture fluids (containing excess of other growth essentials) were given good contact with air. 

The results for bacterial whole-cell analysis described here establish the utility of MALDI-FTMS for mass spectral analysis of whole-cell bacteria and (potentially) more complex single-celled organisms. The use of MALDI-measured accurate mass values combined with mass defect plots is rapid, accurate, and simpler in sample preparation then conventional liquid chromatographic methods for bacterial lipid analysis. Intact cell MALDI-FTMS bacterial lipid characterization complements the use of proteomics profiling by mass spectrometry because it relies on accurate mass measurements of chemical species that are not subject to posttranslational modification or proteolytic degradation. 

The most common criticism of all instrumental (chemical) methods for characterizing bacteria is the relatively large number of bacteria required. Typically 100,000 bacteria or more or needed for analysis. Not withstanding that... 

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