Bacteria biomass

Fig. 16.3 Replicated field trial in Wadenswil, Switzerland where higher bacteria biomass (expressed as microbial bound carbon (Cmic) was found in the organically managed orchard soils (crosses = organic squares = conventional, integrated) than in orchards managed according to integrated farming practice. Higher bacterial biomass was correlated with increased content of water-extractable calcium in soil samples...

Also, high levels of bacteria/biomass can significantly interfere with the efficiency of the various types of tower film-fill. Typically, the film-fill and tower manufacturers propose a maximum TAB of 1 x 105 cfu/ml. This level should be reduced to 1 x 104 cfu/ml if the TSS >25 ppm or if the film-type is a particularly high-efficiency design. 

Fig. 8. Seasonal variations in microbiological parameters in the 0 to 1 cm horizon of a sandy-mud sediment (water depth 18m) of the Kiel Bight (Baltic Sea, FRG). Illustrated are total number of bacteria, total bacteria biomass and biomass spectrum. The biomass spectrum comprises small-size bacteria (volume < 0.3 m3 closed circles), medium-size bacteria (volume 0.3-0.6 jjm3 open circles), and large-size bacteria (volume > 0.6 yrr)3 crosses). For the headline on top cf. Fig. 7.

Photosynthetic bacteria, biomass, photo-hydrogen production, sunlight, organic waste water,... 

When the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis is used to produce ethanol from glucose in an anaerobic process with ammonia as the nitrogen source, it is found that bacteria biomass is produced to the extent of 0.06 C-moles per C-mole of glucose. The biomass has an elemental composition of CHi.sObjNo. . What are the fractional conversion of glucose to ethanol (on a C-mole basis), the amount of ammonia used, and the amount of carbon dioxide produced per C-moIe of glucose consumed ... 

Zhang YS, Zhang ZY, Suzuki K, Maekawa T Uptake and mass balance of trace metals for methane producing bacteria. Biomass and Bioenergy 2003,... 

Streptomyces spp. B1848 Streptomyces spp. B6005 Flavobacterium Bio215 Bacteria Biomass 1-acetyle-P-carboline perlolyrin l-[5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl]-9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole-3-carboxylic acid (Flazin) l-(9/f- -carbolin-1 -yl) - 3 -hydroxy-propan-1 -one [5]... 

Anyway, the microfiber filters have some disadvantages. Their retention characteristics are less reproducible than the membrane filters, because of their fibrous structure. Even using filters with the smallest porosity available (nominally 0.7 pm for Whatman GF/F and Poretics GF-75 [63]) a variable fraction of small particles and of the bacteria biomass may pass in the filtrate [44,47-51,54,64]. It was estimated that 31% of PN passed through Whatman GF/F filters was retained on Anopore filters [47]. 

Other appHcations of firefly hioluminescence include measurement of the activity of bacteria in secondary sewage treatment activated sludge (296,297), detection of bacteria in clean rooms and operating rooms, measurement of bacteria in bottled foods, beverages (298), and pharmaceuticals (299), determination of the antimicrobial activity of potential dmgs (300), determination of the viabiHty of seeds (301), and measuring marine biomass concentrations as a function of ocean depth or geographical location (302). 

Loop reactors are particularly suitable as bioreactors to produce, for example, single-cell protein (96). In this process, single yeast or bacteria ceUs feeding on methanol multiply in aqueous culture broths to form high value biomass at 35—40°C, 20 kg/m ceU concentrations, and specific growth rates of... 

Besides nitrogen fixation, the only other major source of reduced nitrogen is the decomposition of soil or aquatic organic matter. This process is called ammonification. Heterotrophic bacteria are principally responsible for this. These organisms utilize organic compounds from dead plant or animal matter as a carbon source, and leave behind NH3 and NHJ, which can then be recycled by the biosphere. In some instances heterotrophic bacteria may incorporate a complete organic molecule into their own biomass. The majority of the NH3 produced in this way stays within the biosphere however, a small portion of it will be volatilized. In addition to this source, the breakdown of animal excreta also contributes to atmospheric... 

This process is an extension of the anaerobic treatment of waste diseussed in Chapter 2, and is also similar to the natural process operating in landfill sites, which evolves methane. By treatment of biomass with bacteria in the absence of air a gas rich in methane can be produced a typical digester may produce over 300 m of gas containing over 50% methane per tonne of dry biomass. The economics of biogas generation for use as a fuel are currently unfavourable. The plants that do exist have been built because of the need to treat waste such as sewage sludge. 

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