Backscattering enhancement

M.I. Mishchenko, Polarization effects in weak localization of light Calculation of the copolarized and depolarized backscattering enhancement factors, Phys. Rev. B 44, 12,579-12,600 (1991). 

C. S. West and K A O Donnell, "Observations of backscattering enhancement from... 

Figure 56. Backscattering enhancement in the nanojet as a function of particle size. (Reprinted from Ref. [39]. Copyright 2004 with permission from the Optical Society of America.)...

RBS Rutherford backscattering SELDI Surface-enhanced laser desorption... 

The silver-enhanced gold can be detected in the scanning electron microscope using backscattered electron imagining. 

Goode, D. and Mangel, T. K. (1987) Backscattered electron imaging of immuno-gold labeled and silver-enhanced microtubules in cultured mammalian cells. 

Since there are air losses, it is desirable to keep the chute as close to the accelerator exit window as possible. However, by using a metal chute, backscattering can be exploited to take advantage of the electrons not striking the produce. Backscattering is more effective with materials of high atomic number. For ease of construction and to enhance the effect, lead was used for the chute. 

A refractive index detector was also constructed on-chip to detect glycerol (743 pM). An improved sensitivity was achieved in the backscatter format, rather than in the forward scatter format, because the probe beam passed the detector channel more than once in the backscatter format. This multiple pass advantage was enhanced in the unique hemi-cylindrical shape of the channel. When the channel was irradiated by a He/Ne laser with a beam diameter of 0.8 mm, a series of backscatter fringes was produced. When the solution was changed from water to glycerol, there was a change in the refractive index, and the position of the fringes shifted (191 pm/mRIU) [151]. 

The SmartCheck system is manufactured and marketed by American Science and Engineering, Inc. (AS E) [56], Figure 7 shows the SmartCheck portal. AS E utilizes their Z Backscatter image system to provide an enhanced display for the screener to review. 

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