Background measurements, soil

Background measurements, soil samples, 119-20 Blood-lead levels In preschool... 

The application of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to the determination of cadmium (and molybdenum) in soils has been discussed by Baucells et al. [53]. Baucells et al. chose the 228.802 nm cadmium line because it is well resolved from the 228.763 nm iron line with the spectrometer used in this work. Background measurements could only be carried out at +0.05 nm. These workers obtained good agreement between cadmium values obtained by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Chelation extraction procedures that require extensive sample handling are avoided. 

Metal Detection (MD) MD measures instrument responses to deposits of ferrous and nonferrous metals up to 10 to 20 ft deep. Detection of high-density deposits in shallow depths. Good inexpensive preliminary survey tool. Background conductivities greater than 40 millimhos/meter impairs results. Wet clay soils impair resluts. 

LOQs for each of the six soil metabolites in surface water and groundwaters were determined using analytical results (not corrected for background) of samples fortified at the lowest fortification level, 0.25 igL during the analysis in years 1999-2001. The calculated LOQs for acetochlor oxanilic acid, metolachlor sulfonic acid and metolachlor oxanilic acid are below 0.25 ig L. The calculated LOQs for acetochlor sulfonic acid, alachlor sulfonic acid, and alachlor oxanilic acid are below 0.10 igL. If the true concentration of an analyte is at the LQQ or greater, the standard error of individual measured concentration values relative to the true concentration is at most 10%. 

Odours released during the spreading of manure are experienced by many of the local population as very annoying. Consequently, reduction of the odour emissions in connection with spreading of manure is a very important measure. In this respect, incorporation of the manure into the soil is a good solution. Studies made in Sweden (2) show that incorporation of the manure largely reduced the emission of odour from the field. This mainly concerns the injection techniques, which in some cases reduced the odour to the background level. 

Soil samples at the epicentre of the nuclear bomb explosion site in Semipalatinsk93 were measured with ESR. Although the dependence on the distance from the epicentre was not presented, ESR will be potentially useful for tooth enamel of residents nearby the accident and the high background contaminated area. It must be noted, however, that the high dose-rate effect will appear in the case of direct A-bomb radiation leading to lower dose estimation than real one. Radiation effect from the contamination, which is the case for residents, may be estimated if artificial dose rate is around 100 Gy/h or less. 

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