Back tanning

The light fastness is of the order of 5 to 6 and washing fastness when tested by the ISO Washing Test No. 2 is between 4 and 5. It is recommended that, in order to achieve the best wet fastness, dyeing should be followed by back tanning, in the manner which will be described when dealing with the application of acid dyes to polyamides. 

For an air/glass interface, tan 0b = n, the refractive index of glass. In a gas laser, the light must be reflected back and forth between mirrors and through the gas container hundreds of times. Each time the beam passes through the cavity, it must pass through transparent windows at the ends of the gas container (Figure 18.10b), and it is clearly important that this transmission be as efficient as possible. 

Gaseous Effluents. Twenty percent of the carbon disulfide used in xanthation is converted into hydrogen sulfide (or equivalents) by the regeneration reactions. Ninety to 95% of this hydrogen sulfide is recoverable by scmbbers that yield sodium hydrogen sulfide for the tanning or pulp industries, or for conversion back to sulfur. Up to 60% of the carbon disulfide is recyclable by condensation from rich streams, but costly carbon-bed... 

Consider a pool of water in the bed of your pickup truck. If you accelerate from rest, the water will slosh toward the rear, and you want to know how fast you can accelerate (ax) without spilling the water out of the back of the truck (see Fig. 4-4). That is, you must determine the slope (tan ) of the water surface as a function of the rate of acceleration (ax). Now at any point within the liquid there is a vertical pressure gradient due to gravity [Eq. (4-5)] and a horizontal pressure gradient due to the acceleration ax [Eq. (4-23)]. Thus at any location within the liquid the total differential pressure... 

Next we turn back to the original question,i.e. whether or not variations in light intensity show up in the mechanical properties of photopolymers. Table 1 shows the values of T (tan that were measured on samples polymerized at different light intensities. 

The openings, said Nordenskiold, are rather old and are said to have been first begun on the word of a rod-bearer [who said] that toward the east it would yield silver. Afterward, the spherical mica and tan-talite which occur there attracted the notice of mineralogists. The openings lie about half a mile from the manor, back in the forest, in a swampy region, on a low mountain. They are cut into an east-west stratum, consisting of a matrix of mica, red albite, and quartz.. . . The tan tali te... 

Writing this matrix as AX = —B, where X is the column matrix of the unknown linear parameters, then X = —A 1B and the stationary value of tan f/v is obtained by substituting the elements of X back into the Kohn functional, equation (3.37). The optimum values of the non-linear variational parameters in the trial function are determined by repeating the entire calculation for a range of values of each non-linear parameter, thereby identifying the values which yield a maximum value of tan ryv. Further details of this procedure were given by Armour and Humberston (1991). 

Oil sample number Emf Method Ab TBN Cond Method Bb TBN Back Cal Method Cb TBN Direct Cal Method Db TAN AH... 

Method C The calorimetric back titration method, the sample of engine oil was dissolved in a mixture of toluene-isopropanol-water (50 49.5 0.5,v/v) and 0.25 M HC104 in isopropanol-toluene (1 1) was used as the titrant the excess acid was titrated by 1 M (CH3)4NOH in isopropanol. Method D The determination of the TAN and AH was performed by direct calorimetric titration. (CH3)4NOH in isopropanol was used as the titrant and a toluene-isopropanol-water (50 49.5 0.5,v/v) was used as the solvent... 

---