Leukotriene Bs

Soderstrdm, M., Hammarstrom, S., and Mannervik, B., Leukotriene C4 synthase in mouse, mastocytoma cells. An enzyme distinct from cytosolic and microsomal glutathione transferases. Biochem. J. 250, 713-718 (1988). 

Dahlen B Leukotrienes as Mediators of Asthma Induced by Aspirin and Allergen. Stockholm, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 1993, p 68. 

Murphy RC, Hanmarstran[i S and Samuelsson B Leukotriene C a slow reacting substance from murine mastocytana cells. /Loa HouUL kaad Sal USA 16 4275-4279r 1979. 

Mayatepek E, Flock B. Leukotriene C4-synthesis deficiency a new inborn error of metabolism linked to a fatal developmental syndrome. Lancet 1998 352 1514-1517. 

Murphy RC, Hammarstrom S, Samuelsson B. Leukotriene C A slow-reacting substance from murine mastocytoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979 76 4275-4279. 

Medina JF, Wetterholm A, Radmark O, Shapiro R, Haeggstrom JZ, Vallee BL, Samuelsson B. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase determination of the three zinc-binding ligands by site-directed mutagenesis and zinc analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991 88 7620-7624. 

Daniel EE, Triggle DJ. Structure and function of airway smooth muscle. In Middle-ton E, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson NF, Yuninger JW, Busse WW, eds. Allergy Principles and Practices. Vol. 1. SL Louis Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1996 495—507. Dahlen S-E, Hedqvist P, Hammarstrom S, Samuelsson B. Leukotrienes are potent constrictors of human bronchi. Science 1980 288 484—486. 

FIGURE 9.20 Design of multiple ligancl activity, (a) Dual histamine HI receptor and leukotriene receptor antagonist incorporating known antihistaminic properties of cyproheptadine and LTD4. (b) Joint ACE/NEP inhibitor formed from incorporating similarities in substrate structures for both enzymes. From [57],... 

Cells respond to some extracellular factors such as leukotriene B (Ford-Hutchin-son et al., 1980) by increasing the locomotion rate in an undirected manner as opposed to chemotaxis. This mechanism, known as chemokinesis, is likely on purely statistical grounds to result in cells accumulating at the site of origin of this stimulus (Wilkinson, 1987). The differentiation of factors that are chemotactic from chemokinetic responses can be difficult, but this has been greatly facilitated using the Boyden chamber (Lackie, 1986). 

Calderwood, S.K., Bomstein, B., Famum, E.K.., Stevenson, M.A. (1989). Heat shock stimulates the release of arachidonic acid and the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotriene B4 in mammalian cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 141, 325-333. 

Evans, J.F., Leblanc, Y., Fitzsimmons, B.J., Charleson, S.M., Nathaniel, D. and Leveille, C. (1987). Activation ofleuko-cy te movement and displacement of [ H]-leukotriene B4 from leukocyte membrane preparations by (12 - and (12S)-hydroxyeicosate-traenoic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 917, 406-410. 

Stenson, W.F. (1988). Leukotriene B4 in inflammatory bowel disease. In Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Basic Research and Clinical Implications (eds. H. Goebell, B.M. Peskar and H. Malchow) pp. 143-153, MTP Press, Lancaster. 

Findlay, S.R., Barden, J.M., Easley, C.B. and Glass, M. (1992). Effect of the oral leukotriene antagonist ICI 204,219 on the antgen-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 89, 1040-1045. 

B-Lactamase inhibitors, 31 (1994) 297 Leprosy, chemotherapy, 20 (1983) 1 Leukocyte elastase inhibition, 31 (1994) 59 Leukotriene D4 antagonists, 38 (2001) 249 Ligand-receptor binding, 23 (1986) 41 Linear free energy, 10 (1974) 205... 

Tornhamre S, Schmidt TJ, Nasman-Glaser B, Ericsson I, Ake L. Inhibitory effects of helenalin and related compounds on 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene C4 synthase in human blood cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2001 62 903-911. 

Foegh, M.L. and Ramwell, P.W., The eicosanoids prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and related compounds, in Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 8th ed., Katzung, B.G., Ed., Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001, chap. 18. 

The title compound, [8,9,10,11-13C4]LTC4, 83, an ideal internal standard for GC/MS and other MS determinations of cysteine containing leukotrienes which show biological effects at very low concentration, such as smooth muscle contraction and hypersensitivity reactions73, has been obtained74 in a reaction sequence shown in equations 32a and b. 

The answer is b. (Hardman, p 1061.) Sulfasalazine consists of sul-fapyridine with 5-aminosalicylic acid linked by an azo- bond. This bond is broken by bacteria that release the salicylic acid, which is believed to be the active agent. Sulfa drugs or salicylic acid used alone is not as effective. The mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to be protective action on the mucosa by inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. 

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