Axenic conditions

R. L. Rittenhouse and M. G. Hale, Loss of organic compounds from roots. II. Effect of O, and CO, tension on release of sugars from peanut roots under axenic conditions. Plant Soil. 15 311 (1971). 

D. Vaughan and D. J. Linehan, The growth of wheat plants in humic acid solutions under axenic conditions. Plant Soil 44 445 (1976). 

The proportion and content of FFA in four species of causative phytoplankton of red tides, Chatonella antiqua, Heterosigma akashiwo, Skeletonema costatum, and Chaetoceros didymum, cultured in axenic conditions were determined by fluorometric HPLC after derivatization with ADAM by Suzuki and Matsuyama (38). 

Fig. 12 High-performance liquid chromatographic resolution of the 9-anthrylmethyl esters of free fatty acids obtained from Heterosigma akashiwo cultured in axenic conditions. An aliquot (1/100 of 31 mg of phytoplankton) of the extract was injected. The peak of 20 5 corresponds to 746 ng. Unidentified peak with 0.42 in relative retention time with respect to 18 0. See text for chromatographic conditions.

Spiliotis, M., Tappe, D., Sesterhenn, L. and Brehm, K. (2004) Long-term in vitro cultivation of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes under axenic conditions. Parasitology Research 92, 430 132. 

These may enable a simulation to confirm the observations from the field or to unveil the facts that could have been overlooked in the field. Most AF and PPF can be reared in pure culture, and even some ectomycorrhizal species cultured to the point of fruiting (Kaneko and Sagara 2002 Ohta 1998 Suzuki 2006). Therefore, they may be subjected to any tests under axenic conditions (see Suzuki 2006). 

Maturation of larval pseudophyllidean cestodes and strigeid trematodes under axenic conditions the significance of nutri-... 

The magnitude of direct release has been a topic of much debate (Bronk and Ward, 2000 Bronk et al., 1994 Slawyk et al, 1998 Slawyk et al, 2000). A similar debate took place around DOC release in the 1960s and 1970s (Sharp, 1977). Cultures are the tool of choice for the study of direct release because they remove the effect of other trophic levels, such as grazing or, under axenic conditions, bacteria (reviewed in Antia et al, 1991 Bronk and Flynn, 2006). Nitrogen release has been studied extensively in culture and there is abundant Hterature on uptake and release, particularly of DON, from work done in the 1950s—1970s (reviewed in Antia... 

The inability of coronin cells to divide properly under axenic conditions points to a role of coronin in cell division and illustrates that various, probably independent, actin-based mechanisms are involved in guaranteeing proper cytokinesis. In conclusion, the defects in cell growth, locomotion and cytokinesis show that coronin is involved in more than a single function of the actin system and suggest that the protein plays a general role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. " ... 

Physcomitrella is a well-established plant system that, since the 1960s, has been cultivated under axenic conditions in many laboratories. It can be cultivated in liquid cultures, and such photobioreactors are scaleable. Transgenic moss strains show high genetic stability. Different biopharmaceuticals, including human growth factor, antibodies and non-glycosylated proteins such as HSA were successfully expressed and secreted into the medium. 

The effect of 22-dehydrocholesterols (97) on the growth of Drosophila was investigated by Kirchner et al. [180]. cis- and /ran5-22-dehydrocholesterols were added to media of diet for 10 species of Drosophila. The cis isomer prevented normal maturation of 4 species and the trans isomer was toxic to 9. These findings were corroborated by tests with 4 representative species on a sterol-deficient medium under axenic conditions. Addition of cholesterol to the latter overcame the toxicity of the trans isomer. trans-22-Dehydrocholesterol may be acting as a competitive inhibitor in the metabolism of phytosterols to cholesterol or ecdysone by the insects. 

Bloodstream forms of T. b. brucei propagated in vitro under axenic conditions will not continuously divide without exogenously supplied LDL or HDL (73) apolipo-proteins do not support growth and anti-apolipoprotein antibodies inhibited growth. LDL- and HDL-bound cholesterol, cholesterol ester, cholesterol oleoyl ether and PC... 

The effect of 50 mql concentrations of humic acid on t ie growth of winter wheat in water or Hoagland s nutrient solution under axenic conditions after 15 days. 

LONGLAND J.E. 1973. An investigation into techniques for the growth of plants under axenic conditions using a thin-film isolator. Degree Dissertation, Trent Polytechnic, Nottingham, U.K. 

FIGURE 1. Effect of humic acid on the development of respiration in beetroot slices under axenic conditions. 

Tweens carrying 17 0 as sole fatty acid synthesized and applied directly to leaves or added to the nutrient solution of soybean plants growing hydroponically vinder axenic conditions in glass jars (to avoid confusion due to microbial Tween metabolism). Table I shows that 17 0 was incorporated into both roots and shoots of plants treated with Tween-17 0 applied to either roots or leaves. Greater amoiints of 17 0 were incorporated when Tween 17 0 was applied to the leaves, and larger amoiints of 17 0 were observed in roots and in leaves younger than those to which Tween was applied. Incorporation of 1 0 proceeded slowly, and maximum amoiints of 17lO in membrane lipids were not observed until up to 8 days after Tween was applied to the plants (data not shown). 

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