Avidin glutaraldehyde

Protocol for the One-Step Glutaraldehyde Conjugation of Ferritin to (Strept)avidin... 

In a fume hood, add 10 pi of 25 percent glutaraldehyde per ml of (strept)avidin/ferritin solution. Mix well. 

Several other methods are proposed, such as use of coulomb force between anionic DNA and cationic particle (7), use of biospecific affinity between biotin-labeled DNA and avidin-carrying particle (8), etc. Other methods for immobilization of DNA on the particle include reactions using cyanogen bromide, glutaraldehyde, and cyanuric chloride (9). 

Protocol for the Two-Step Glutaraldehyde Conjugation of Enzymes to Avidin or Streptavidin... 

HRP is also conjugated to (strept)avidin using the two step glutaraldehyde procedure and is used in this form in the Labeled... 

The characteristics of QCM sensors containing mono- or multilayered DNA probe constructed by direct chemical bonding, avidin-biotin interaction or electrostatic adsorption on polyelectrolyte films were compared by Zhou et al. [60]. The use of the polyethyleneimine adhesion, glutaraldehyde cross-linking (PEI-Glu) method to immobilize hepatitis B virus DNA onto gold QCM quartz crystals, enabling the sensor to be regenerated five times, was reported by Hu and co-workers [61],... 

The most employed method for developing stable materials for biosensor application is via covalent attachment. There are two routes to carry out this process (i) the first involves direct immobilization of biomolecules onto the transducer surface that contains residual groups (carboxyl, aldehyde, hydroxyl). Despite its simplicity, this procedure is characterized by poor reproducibility, (ii) The second and mostly used route involves the derivatiza-tion of the transducer smface with a cross-linker such as glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide/succinimide or avidin/biotin pathways [27]. Commercial preactivated membranes are available and can be utilized as support to immobilize biomolecules. 

Polyethylenimine The crystal is first coated with a polyethylenimine and avidin 19 solution (2-3%). Avidin is then immobilized on the coated crystal via glutaraldehyde activation. The biotinylated biocatalyst is immobilized on the coated crystal via biotitr-avidin interaction since one molecule of avidin binds four molecules of biotin [29]. 

Conjugates are usually prepared with glutaraldehyde as the linking agent. However, periodate, maleimlde, N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP) have also been used as linkers. If biotin avldln system is followed, biotin ean be linked to the antibody by incubation with dimethyl formamlde, and avidin can be linked to the enzyme through glutaraldehyde. 

The piezoelectric quartz crystal resonators modified with oligonucleotide probes were used for detection of HCV in serum by Skladal et al. [66]. The gold electrodes on either rough or smooth surface crystals were modified with a self-assembled monolayer of cystamine. After activation with glutaraldehyde, either avidin or streptavidin were immobilized and used for attachment of biotinylated DNA probes (four different sequences). 

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