Avian embryos chick embryo development

The complexity and plasticity of BBB properties called for experimental dissection of the disrnption process in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Multiple cell and organ cnltnres, animal models, and measurement techniques have been developed, each of which addresses some of the issues involved. The development of research into BBB characteristics was initially approached in avian embryos, where transplanted endothelial quail cells invaded a developing chick chimera. A simpler cell culture model of the BBB was developed by Rubin and co-workers. More recently, an immortalized cell line created from vascular endothelial cells was used to develop another model of the BBB in co-cultures with glioma cells and was used to demonstrate nitric oxide-induced perturbations of these cells. hi another cell culture model, hypoxia was shown to increase the susceptibility to oxidative stress and intercellular permeability. ... 

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