Averrhoa carambola

There are cases where HPLC separation is performed not in order to quantify the alcohols but as a technique for the purification of the analytes to be subjected to further instrumental analysis. This is the case, for example, with the identification and determination of the structure of an abscisic acid in starfruit extract (Averrhoa carambola L.). The separation and purification of the analytes was carried out also with HPLC using a mobile phase of diethyl ether, whereas the structure was elucidated by H and UC-NMR (6). In a similar way, to separate the sterols and alkanols from the unsaponifiable matter from olive oils on a silica column, a gradient composed of hexane/diethyl ether was chosen in an offline system (7), whereas an online HPLC-HRGC system uses as its mobile phase hexane/isopropanol (8). 

A Lutz, P Winterhalter. Dihydroabscisic alcohol from Averrhoa carambola fruit. Phytochemistry... 

Butanedoic acid) (aliphatic dicarboxylic acid) (Araliaceae), Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae), Fragaria virginiara (strawberry), Pyrus communis (pear), (Rosaceae), Vitis vinifera (grape) (Vitaceae) [fruit] Medicago sativa (alfalfa) (Fabaceae) [leaf] cycle intermediate]... 

Dihydroxybutanedioic acid) Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae), Vitis activity of ilextro-... 

Fumaric acid (unsaturated C4 dicarboxylic acid) Universal - a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae), Pisum sativum (Fabaceae), Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae), Glauciumflavum (Papaveraceae), Malus domestica (Rosaceae) LOX (wheat germ competitive)... 

Neto MM, RobI F, Netto JC. Intoxication by star fruit averrhoa carambola) in six dialysis patients ( Preliminary report). Nephrol DialTransp11998 13 570-572. 

Chang JM, Hwang SJ, Kuo HT, Tsai JC, Guh JY, Chen HC, Tsai JH, Lai YH. Fatal outcome after ingestion of star fruit averrhoa carambola) in uremic patients.Am J Kidney Dis 2000 35 189-193. 

Ho MP, Pai MF, Fan CD, Chang KS. Neurological Manifestations Induced by Star fruit Averrhoa carambola) Intoxication in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Two Cases Report. J Taiwan Emerg Med 2001 3 2-7... 

Hung SW, Lin ACM, Chong CF, Wang TL, Ma HP. Fatal outcome after Star fruit Averrhoa carambola) ingestion in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Ann Disaster Med 2004 3 56-59. 

Chang CH, Yeh JH. Non-convulsive status epilepticus and consciousness disturbance after star fruit Averrhoa carambola) ingestion in a dialysis patient. Nephrology 2004 9 362-365... 

Muir, CK, Lam,CK. Depressant action of Averrhoa carambola. Med J Malaysia. 1980 XXXIV 279-80. 

Wilson ON, Shaw PE, Knight-Jr RJ. Analysis of oxalic acid in carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) and spinach by High-performance liquid chromatography. J. Agric Food Chem 1982 30(6) 1106-8. 

Wilson ON Shaw PE, Kinght RJ, Nagy S, Klim M. Volatile constituents of carambola Averrhoa carambola L). J. Agric. Food Chem.l 985 33 199-201. 

Artain N, Maarifa Y, Hanafi M. Isolation and identification of active antioxidant compound from star fruit Averrhoa carambola) mistletoe Dendrophthoepentandra (L)Miq.) ethanol extract J AppI Science 2006 8 1659-1663. 

Gross JIR., Eckhardt G. Carotenoids of the fruit of Averrhoa carambola, Phytochemistry 1983 22 1479-1481 Gunasegaran R. Elavonoids and anthocyanins of three oxalidaceae, Fitoterapia, 1992,63 89-90. 

Jabbar A,Taleb M, Rashid MA, Hasan CM. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural from Averrhoa carambola Fitoterapia 1995 66 377 Shui G, Leong LP. Analysis of polyphenolic antioxidants in star fruit using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J... 

Carolino RO, Beleboni RO, Pizzo AB, Vecchio ED, Garcia-Cairasco N, Moyses-Neto M, Santos WF, Coutinho-Netto J. Convulsant activity and neurochemical alterations induced by a fraction obtained from fruit Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae Geraniales). Neurochem Int. 2005 46 523-31. 

Fig. (16). Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) from Myrciaria dubia and Averrhoa carambola.

C9H11NO2, Mr 165.19. Pale yellow, fluorescent oil with a mandarin-like odor, bp. 256 °C, mp. 18.5 -19.5 °C. Occurrence As the main component in petitgrain oil from mandarin leaves, in smaller amounts also in mandarin oil and other citrus oils, as well as in ca-rambola, the fruit of Averrhoa carambola (Oxalida-ceae). 

Averrhoa carambola (family Oxiladaceae) Originating in South-East Asia, this species is now cultivated in all tropical regions. It is commonly known as star fruit. The fruits are larger and less acidic than bilimbi, with a quince-like flavour. The good cultivars are eaten raw, sliced and used as salad but fruits are usually used in jellies, jams and drinks. 

Karim, A. A., Wai, C. C., 1999. Foam-mat drying of starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) puree Stability and air drying characteristics. Food Chem. 64 337-343. 

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