Autonomous car

In Europe an ITS standardization initiative has already begun by European Telecommunications Standardizations Institute (ETSI), [3, 4, 5]. Furthermore, projects that focus on actually ensuring particular benefits of ITS, such as intersection safety [6] and certification of autonomous cars [7], has already been a reality for quite some time. 

This section considers a lane tracing apphcation, which is a common task when building an autonomous car. Fig. 1 illustrates an example course for the automated car. In order to prove the system to be safe, we have to model the environment, specify system parameters and we make assumption regarding the... 

The Economist (2008). Driven to distraction Why autonomous cars are still a pip>e-dream. April 25, http //www. economist. com/node/111 13185. 

Ferrillo F, Beelke M, Canovaro P, Watanabe T, Arico D, Rizzo, P, Garbarono S, Nobili L, De Carli F (2004) Changes in cerebral and autonomic activity heralding periodic limb movements in sleep. Sleep Med 5 4074-12... 

Control unit functions can be divided into two groups tire pressure monitoring (the system section) and the specific data bus connection of the vehicle with the associated control and warning routines and integrated diagnostic possibilities (the communication section). These two functional sections are realized with two separate, autonomous program modules. This makes it relatively simple to customize the system according to the needs of different car manufacturers and types of vehicles. 

I Stanford University is developing the computers and technology for a driverless car. The 2010 autonomous race car, dubbed Shelley, is an Audi TTS equipped with a differential Global Positioning System accurate to an inch. It calculates the right times to brake and accelerate while turning. 

New and improved sensor and communication technologies create opportunities for designing embedded and mobile systems that are able to interact with their environment, and exhibit smart and autonomous behavior. Furthermore, collaboration between mobile entities can also be envisaged for improving their functionality as well as performance. Example applications include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and smart cars, where for instance, UAVs can be used for environmental surveillance and control, and smart vehicles coordinating their behaviors can be used to increase traffic throughput and improve mobility without the need of using more space for the respective traffic infrastructures. 

The automotive domain will continue to change in the future, for instance cars are becoming more and more connected, ADAS (Advanced Driving Assistance Systems) will more and more help the driver and sometimes take hand on the car, and maybe one day our car will become fully autonomous The automotive industry is therefore facing new major technical challenges, with very important safety and security stakes. 

For example, one situation might have an autonomous ground vehicle driving down an empty motorway to deliver a package. Another might modify the mission to have a tight time limit and stationary traffic jam. A third situation might instead pepper the motorway with abandoned cars and spilt fuel. Each of these would test different aspects of the vehicle s control software. 

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