Peritoneal dialysis automated

Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of antibiotics is preferred over IV therapy in the treatment of peritonitis that occurs in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) recently revised its guidelines for the diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated infections.24 The guidelines provide dosing recommendations for intermittent and continuous therapy based on the modality of dialysis [CAPD or automated peritoneal dialysis (APD)] and the extent of the patient s residual renal function. 

Based on a study of 10 patients with automated peritoneal dialysis, it was recommended that for empirical treatment of dialysis-related peritonitis, the dosage of intermittent intraperitoneal tobramycin must be 1.5 mg/ kg for one exchange during the first day and then 0.5 mg/ kg thereafter, to reduce the risk of adverse effects (47). 

Manley HJ, Bailie GR, Frye R, Hess LD, McGoldrick MD. Pharmacokinetics of intermittent intravenous cefazolin and tobramycin in patients treated with automated peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000 11(7) 1310-16. 

Lois F, Wallemacq P, deTourtchanninoff M, et al. Prolonged unconsciousness in a patient on automated peritoneal dialysis, fur... 

The most common type of peritoneal dialysis is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, during which a patient manually instills 2 to 3 L of dialysate four times a day. Other types include a variety of automated systems collectively termed automated peritoneal dialysis in which some of the daily dialysate exchanges (usually the overnight exchanges) are completed using an automated device. 

Brophy DF, Mueller BA. Automated peritoneal dialysis new implications for pharmacists. Ann Pharmacother 1997 31 756-764. 

Rodriguez-Carmona A, Perez FM, Garcia FT, et al. A comparative analysis on the incidence of peritonitis and exit-site infection in CAPD and automated peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 1999 19 253-258. 

Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is a broad term that is used for all forms of peritoneal dialysis employing a mechanical device (cycler) to assist in the delivery and drainage of the dialysate. APD is also a home treatment that can be carried out during the night. 

Brandes JC, Packard WJ, Watters SK, Fritsche C. 1995. Optimization of dialysate flow and mass transfer during automated peritoneal dialysis. Am Kidney Dis-, 25(4) 603-610. 

Brunkhorst R, Fromm S, Wronger E, Berke A, Petersen R, Riede G, Westphale J, Zamore E, Ledebo 1.1998. Automated peritoneal dialysis with on-line -prepared bicarbonate-buffered dialysate Technique and first clinical experience. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13(12) 3189-3192. 

Canepa A, Perfumo F, Carrea A, Verrina E, Menoni S, Trivelh A et al. 1996. Long-term effects of amino acid solutions in children on automated peritoneal dialysis. / Am Soc Nephrol-, 7(9) 1441 (abstract). 

Diaz-Buxo JA, Suki WN. 1994. Automated peritoneal dialysis. In Gokal R, Nolph KD, eds. The Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis,. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 399-418. 

Durand PY, Freida P, Issad B, Chanhau J. 1996. How to reach optimal creatinine clearance in automated peritoneal dialysis. Petit Dial Int 16(Suppl 1) S167-S170. 

Fiscbach M, Issad B, Dubois V, Taamma R. 2011. The beneficial influence on the effectiveness of automated peritoneal dialysis varying the dwell time (short/long) and fill volume (smaU/large) A randomized controlled trial. Petit Dial Int 31 450-458. 

Galli EG, Taietti C, Borghi M. 2011. Personalization of automated peritoneal dialysis treatment using a computer modeling system. Adv Petit Dial 27 90-96. 

Rodriguez-Carmona A, Perez-Fontan M, Garca-Naveiro R, ViUaverde P, Peteiro J. 2004. Compared time profiles of ultrafiltration, sodium removal, and renal function in incident CAPD and automated peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis-, 44(1) 132-145. 

Steele M, Kwan JT. 1997. Potential problem Delayed detection of peritonitis by patients receiving home automated peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int-, 17(6) 617. 

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