Automated identification systems

Pseudomonas sample of 100 ml shall be filtrated and placed the membrane filter into 50 ml of TSB incubated for 20 to 28 hours at 35 2°C. Transfer into Pseudomonas agar F and P for 40 to 48 hours at 35 2°C. If any characteristic colony is detected, identify using API and/or automated identification system... 

Coliform using membrane hltration techniques, hltrate 100 ml. Place the membrane filter into Endo agar and identify using API and/or automated identification system. 

Isolates from WFI shall be identified to species level (if possible) using API tests/automated identification system. This pertains to the detection of any isolate obtained from a sample that breaches the alert or action level. 

What if there were no fingerprints What if the suspect s fingerprints are not in the automated identification system Is there another way to reach positive identification ... 

Many systematists appear to see research into automated identification systems as a threat to their field and their livelihood. Ironically, however, systematics has much to gain both practically and theoretically from the further development and use of such systems. It is now widely recognized that the days of systematics as a field populated by mildly eccentric - and often independently wealthy - individuals pursuing knowledge in splendid isolation from funding priorities and economic imperatives are well past. In order to attract both personnel and resources, systematics must transform itself into a large, coordinated, international scientific enterprise (Wheeler, 2(X)3, p. 4). 

Watson A.T., O Neill, M.A. and Kitching I.J. (2003) A qualitative study investigating automated identification of living macrolepidoptera using the digital automated identification system (DAISY). Systematics and Biodiversity, 1 287-300. 

Schrdder, S., Wittmann, D., Roth, V. and Steinhage, V. (1999) Automated identification system for bees. In Proceedings of the XIII International Conference of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (eds M.P. Schwarz and K. Hagendoom), Dec. 29, 1998-Jan. 3, 1999, Fhnders University Press, Adelaide, Australia, p. 427. 

Q Introducing SPIDA-Web Wavelets, Neural Networks and InternetAccessibilityinan Image-Based Automated Identification System... 

The point of this discussion is to emphasize the reality of the data used for our prototype in terms of the kinds of features available for species classification in spiders and to bring attention to the kinds of issues that are certainly not unique to spiders, such as intraspecific variation and specimen damage, with which any automated identification system will have to contend. 

Despite the decision to continue working with cascade correlation ANNs, there was a recognized need to change the way our ANNs were structured in order to address two separate issues one a conunon criticism of automated identification systems in general and the other specific to back-propagation approaches ... 

Classification of unknowns. One problem many automated identification systems face is the proper classification of unknowns (i.e. images from species the system was not trained to recognize see Edwards and Morse, 1995 Morris and Boddy, 1995). Often these objects are forced into an erroneous classification. This was the case with our pilot study. The system was structured such that there was one ANN for the set of six species in the... 

Has automated taxonomy become outmoded The results presented in the present volume gainsay this question. The subject of automated identification in systematics is presented in several respects. The old numerical taxonomy is not moribund, just modified. The collection of papers does not, however, represent a homogeneous approach to automated systematics. hi fact one author exphcitly states that his results are not intended to be construed as a contribution to automatized systematics in a taxonomical sense. An aspect that could well be united with this work concerns the problem of the expression of shapes in morphometries, which, of course, in itself is not a candidate for automatically performed identification of taxa. Several of the contributions lie within the sphere of computer-based technology and will not be as readily accessible to the average taxonomist. The results presented on digital automated identification systems impress in that they scan to have been, in a few cases, well tried and tested on real, largely entomological problems. Work on the automated taxonomy of bee species has produced problems of interest to the taxonomic specialist. 

---