Autoclave Processing Description

The second ramp portion of this cure cycle is critical from a void nucleation and growth standpoint. During this ramp, the temperature is high, the resin pressure can be near its minimum, and the volatile vapor pressure is high and rising with temperature. These are the ideal conditions for void formation and growth. 

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Initial reinforcement layup, followed by compaction and resin injection, are phases common to RTM. The volume of literature devoted to RTM can thus be applied directly to these phases (e.g., references 14,15). Once the resin has been injected and the gates have been closed, wet compression is initiated. The first theoretical analyses on the compression of saturated fibrous materials were carried out by Dave et and Gutowski et in the context of autoclave processing and bleeder ply moulding. Therein it was noted the similarity between these processes and the classic geomechanics consolidation problem, that is, the compression of a water-saturated soil or clay. i The theory can be formulated in terms of Lagrangian coordinates, but is more conveniently presented for the present purposes, as in what follows, in terms of an Eulerian description. ... 

Application of ion exchange refining to the process for the manufacture of dextrose may be understood from the following description of such a process. Triple-washed starch is diluted with ion-free water to the desired concentration and is acidified with a definite quantity of mineral acid such as hydrochloric or sulfuric. It is desirable that the acidified starch slurry be held for at least thirty minutes in order to permit an effective equilibrium acidity to be reached. The starch slurry may contain a quantity of soft water salts which consume acid, and since this consumption is variable, the acidity is checked and adjusted to the desired level following the holding period. The conversion is then carried out at elevated temperature and under pressure for a period sufficient to yield maximum dextrose. The conversion may be carried out batchwise in an autoclave, or continuously. 

Component sterilizers steam sterilization process. A steam autoclave is used at ABC Pharmaceutical Industries to sterilize equipment and components used in aseptic processing. The following system description... 

Description Ethylene, initiator and, if applicable, comonomers are fed to the process and compressed to pressures up to 2,400 bar before entering the autoclave reactor. 

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