Auger reactor

The auger reactor also enjoys some popularity because of its simplicity of construction and operation. In the auger reactor, biomass is continuously fed to a screw 

Despite its simplicity, the yield of bio-oil in auger reactors is typically in the range of 60 wt.%, lower than what is achieved normally with fluidized-bed reactors. Because of the way auger reactors are structured, the residence time of the vapors is much longer than in fluidized beds, which increases the likelihood of secondary reactions and consequently increases the yield of char in detriment to the yield of bio-oil. Still, this type of reactor is highly suitable for small-scale systems. 

---

Alternatively, flash pyrolysis processes were developed for biomass liquefaction as well [5]. On a water- and ash-free basis, from wood typically 75% liquids (including 25% of water), 10% of solid char, and 15% of gases, mainly CO2 and CO, are formed at 5 00 ° C with gas retention times of only a few seconds. Several reactor concepts such as stationary and fluidized fluidized beds, the mechanically agitated rotating cone and Auger reactors, a well as ablative and vacuum pyrolysis have been carried out and operated on a semi-technical and pilot scale. For fast pyrolytic treatment of... 

The reactor is the core and is generally the most researched part of the pyrolysis technology. Extensive literature is available for catalytic pyrolysis that has been carried out at both bench/laboratory scale (ie, bubbling and circulating fluidized beds, auger reactors, and conical spouted bed reactors) and analytical scale reactors (ie, analytical pyrolysis or py-GC/MS either tubular quartz micro reactor or packed bed reactor). Specific reactor designs are not discussed in this work. Catalytic fast pyrolysis can be split into two different operation modes defined by the location of the catalyst in the process in situ and ex situ (Tan et al., 2013) (Fig. 14.2). 

Advantages of silicon x-radiation include the access of aluminum and magnesium core level (Is) lines and the corresponding (KLL) Auger transitions for chemical state identification and improved quantitation, because these lines are at least 10 times more intense than the corresponding (2p) or (2s) lines. The construction of an off-axis reactor has produced a simple, versatile and inexpensive system easily adapted to any vacuum system. The role of AES and SAM in catalyst research will also be highlighted by examples. 

Figure 8. Schematic Of The Auger-Aided Reactor System.

Figure 9. Photograph of the Auger-Aided Reactor System Test Bed.

The possible surface contaminations were carefully followed by Auger-XPS analysis. Similarly, as with the copper catalyst described earlier (Section III) the Cu/ZnO binaries were free from alkali metals, iron, chlorine, and sulfur, and contained only small amounts of carbon after the use in catalytic reactor (39). The latter result indicates that reactants, intermediates, and the product are adsorbed with moderate strength, a feature that is desirable for all efficient catalysts. 

A wide range of reactors such as bubbling and circulating fluidized beds, ablative, entrainment, rotating cone, auger, and vacuum have been operated. Fluidized beds were the most often used because of their ease of... 

Double screw auger behave more like back-or cross-mix reactors ... 

---