Atypical response regulators

Atypical Response Regulators with Ligands Role in the Feedback Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis... 

Wang L, Tian X, Wang J, Yang H, Fan K, Xu G, Yang K, Tan H (2009) Autoregulation of antibiotic biosynthesis by binding of the end product to an atypical response regulator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106 8617-8622... 

In an alternate form of tumor promotion, referred to as atypical tumor promoters (ATPs), elimination of the nascent clones may be blocked by inhibiting apoptosis [19], by failure to eliminate nascent transformed cells, or by failure to control an active infection (or activation of a latent viral infection [20]) of a carcinogenic virus. Host defense mechanisms are primarily responsible for regulating extrinsic apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and control of viral infections. If an IMBP were to mediate tumor promotion, it would be acting through such a mechanism. 

All three subtypes of P-ARs are expressed in the heart (73). Despite the existence of species-related differences (reviewed in ref. 74), prARs are the predominant form of ARs. The positive chronotropic and inotropic response of the heart to catecholamine stimulation is mediated almost exclusively by prARs (75-77). Coupling of (32-ARs to cardiac contractility is less defined and species related, showing a positive effect in human hearts (77) but not affecting contractility in the mouse (75). Better defined is the role of P2-ARs in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure (78). P3-ARs, atypical P-ARs, are expressed in the adipose tissue, where they mediate lipolysis and thermogenesis (79,80), and in smooth muscle cells, where they mediate vasorelaxation (81). 

Ad-hoc fire safety in buildings measure implementation for any building with an atypical risk profile, meaning standard regulations are wholly inadequate. These situations must be detailed in full by those responsible to enable a thorough risk-based analysis of proposed measures. 

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