Attributes generalisation

The antioxidant activities of carotenoids and other phytochemicals in the human body can be measured, or at least estimated, by a variety of techniques, in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo (Krinsky, 2001). Many studies describe the use of ex vivo methods to measure the oxidisability of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles after dietary intervention with carotene-rich foods. However, the difficulty with this approach is that complex plant foods usually also contain other carotenoids, ascorbate, flavonoids, and other compounds that have antioxidant activity, and it is difficult to attribute the results to any particular class of compounds. One study, in which subjects were given additional fruits and vegetables, demonstrated an increase in the resistance of LDL to oxidation (Hininger et al., 1997), but two other showed no effect (Chopra et al, 1996 van het Hof et al., 1999). These differing outcomes may have been due to systematic differences in the experimental protocols or in the populations studied (Krinsky, 2001), but the results do indicate the complexity of the problem, and the hazards of generalising too readily about the putative benefits of dietary antioxidants. 

The generalisation is often made that acetylenes undergo electrophilic attack less readily than olefins this is usually attributed to the lower polarisa-bility of the triple bond. In some cases, as in the acid-catalysed hydration of acetylenic ethers , the generalisation does not hold. However, the lower reactivity of acetylenic bonds in many electrophilic reactions explains the use of metal-ion catalysts, such as the well-known mercuric-ion-catalysed hydration of acetylene, and the greater tendency towards nucleophilic addition reactions. 

The use of live vaccines in patients receiving corticosteroids has caused generalised infection, see Corticosteroids -i- Vaccines Live , p.l061. Similarly, the use of live vaccines in patients taking other immunosuppressants is not recommended probably as a consequence of this there are few published reports about the use of live vaccines with immunosuppressants. One study found that measles vaccine was effective in 7 of 18 children under 3 years old after liver transplantation, and that there were no complications directly attributable to the vaccine. ... 

Prominence prediction by deterministic means is actually one of the most successful uses of non-statistical methods in speech synthesis. This can be attributed to a number of factors, for example the fact that the rules often don t interact or the fact that many of the rules are base on semantic features (such that even if we did use a data driven technique we would still have to come up with the semantic taxonomy by hand). Sproat notes [410] that statistical approaches have had only limited success as the issue (especially in compound noun phrases) is really one of breadth and not modelling regardless of how the prominence algorithm actually works, what it requires is a broad and exhaustive list of examples of compound nouns. Few complex generalisations are present (what machine learning algorithms are good at) and once presented with an example, the rules are not difficult to write by hand. 

However, below the level of the water, hot-dip galvanised components are only regarded as resistant in exceptional cases [43]. This behaviour is attributed to the numerous waste water parameters [39]. The existing good practical experience is therefore often difficult to transfer to other systems and can only be generalised in a limited manner. This applies e.g. to the good experience with hot-dip galvanised components described in various publications [44—46]. 

Immunology A generalised blistering skin eruption, meeting the criteria for Rowel syndrome, has been attributed to terbinafine [1 ]. 

Skin Several cases of acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) have been attributed to terbinafine [2, 3 ]. 

The ability to aid the user in concept formation, such as the generalisation of common characteristics among sounds and their classification according to prominent sound attributes... 

Finally, our third hypothesis states that when people listen to several distinct sound events, they tend to characterise them by selecting certain sound attributes which they think are important. We hypothesise that when listening to several distinct sound events, people prioritise the selection of certain attributes which are more important in order to distinguish between them. We say that in this case humans tend to make a generalisation of the perceptual attributes. 

IML provides Artist with the ability to make generalisations in order to infer which attributes are more distinctive in a sound. The term more distinctive in this case does not necessarily refer to what humans would perceive to be the most audibly distinctive attribute of a sound. The IML algorithm used in Artist uses information theory to pursue this task. As mentioned earlier, current ML techniques are not yet able to mimic all the types of heuristics used by humans. Nevertheless, it is proposed that one kind of heuristic might use information theory to make generalisations. 

The full quantum-mechanical treatment of the vibrations coupled to the changes of the electronic state is rather sophisticated. A convenient simplification is to consider only one vibrational mode for the donor, cop, and another one for the acceptor, This is a dramatic simplification, but the result can be generalised to multi-mode processes using a suitable procedure. Another simplification is the classical treatment of the low-frequency modes, attributed to the medium and to low vibrational frequencies of the reactants and products. This is a good approximation if o k T. For example, v < 100 cm corresponds to a spacing of <1 kJ mol" between the vibrational levels, which is less than the thermal energy at room temperature, RT = 2.5 kJ mol f A difference of 200 cm between the simulation of the anthracene absorption and emission was found in Figure 15.11. 

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