Attapulgite

Actapulgite Attaclay Attacote Attagel attapulgus palygors-dte palygorskite Pharmsorb Regular. 

Attapulgite is a purified native hydrated magnesium aluminum silicate consisting of the clay mineral palygorskite, with the empirical formula Mg(Alo.5-iFeo-o.5)Si40io(OH)-4H20. 

Attapulgite can adsorb water. It should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry, location. 

Attapulgite may decrease the bioavailability of some drugs such as loperamide and riboflavin. Oxidation of hydrocortisone is increased in the presence of attapulgite.  

Attapulgite is widely used as an adsorbent in solid dosage forms. Colloidal clays (such as attapulgite) absorb considerable amounts of water to form gels and in concentrations of 2-5% w/v usually form oil-in-water emulsions. Activated attapulgite, which is attapulgite that has been carefully heated to increase its absorptive capacity, is used therapeutically as an adjunct in the management of diarrhea. 

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Wettable powders are prepared by blending the toxicant in high concentration, usually from 15 ndash 95%, with a dust carrier such as attapulgite which wets and suspends properly in water. One to two percent of a surface-active agent usually is added to improve the wetting and suspensibiUty of the powder. Sprays of wettable powders are used widely in agriculture because of their relative safety to plants. 

For the most part, additives control the appHcation or theological properties of a paint. These additives include materials for latex paints such as hydroxyethylceUulose, hydrophobicaHy modified alkah-soluble emulsions, and hydrophobicaHy modified ethylene oxide urethanes. Solvent-based alkyd paints typically use castor oil derivatives and attapulgite and bentonite clays. The volume soHds of a paint is an equally important physical property affecting the apphcation and theological properties. Without adequate volume soHds, the desired appHcation and theological properties may be impossible to achieve, no matter how much or many additives are incorporated into the paint. 

Hydrating bentonite in fresh water before adding it to the mud greatly increases its efficiency when the makeup water is contaminated with salt and/or hardness. Prehydrated bentonite can be protected from dehydration by flgnosulfonate (70) or sulfomethylated tannin when used in saturated salt water. Salt water clays, such as sepioflte and attapulgite, provide no filtration control and are normally used with suitable filtration control agents. 

The foremnner of the modern methods of asphalt fractionation was first described in 1916 (50) and the procedure was later modified by use of fuller s earth (attapulgite [1337-76-4]) to remove the resinous components (51). Further modifications and preferences led to the development of a variety of fractionation methods (52—58). Thus, because of the nature and varieties of fractions possible and the large number of precipitants or adsorbents, a great number of methods can be devised to determine the composition of asphalts (5,6,44,45). Fractions have also been separated by thermal diffusion (59), by dialysis (60), by electrolytic methods (61), and by repeated solvent fractionations (62,63). 

Oxychlorination of ethylene with hydrogen chloride and oxygen at 280—370°C on a fluidi2ed CUCI2—KCl (on attapulgite) catalyst bed yields... 

Table 4. Chemical Analysis of Illite, Glauconite, and Attapulgite, wt %...

Property Kaolinite nhte Hahoysite Montmoril-lonite Attapulgite... 

Sources. Kaolin for use ia polymers is obtaiaed from the same sources as those for paper clays. Attapulgite is obtaiaed from producers ia southern Georgia and northwest Florida. 

A wide range of clay materials have been used for decolorizing. These may be substantially cmde clay such as fuller s earth, which largely contains montmorillonite as the active clay ingredient, or specially treated attapulgites, montmorillonites, and kaolinites. Proprietary acid activation processes are frequentiy used for production of clay-derived materials of superior performance. 

Adhesives. Clays, especially kaolin and attapulgite, are widely used in various adhesive formulations. Adhesives (qv) containing clays can be derived from natural products such as starch or protein, or be whoUy synthetic, eg, latex, hot melt, emulsion, etc. 

Clays composed of attapulgite, montmorillonite, and kaoHnite are used for pesticides in finely pulverized or granular form. Granular formulations are reportedly less expensive, more easily handled, reduce loss caused by wind drift, and produce a more effective coverage. 

Other Clay Uses. Other appHcations for clays include use as a suspending agent, eg, montmorillonite and attapulgite in Hquid fertilizers and dishwasher detergents in pharmaceuticals (qv), eg, kaoHnite and attapulgite for diarrhea control in cosmetics, montmorillonite and attapulgite and in water impedence where bentonite linings are used for reservoirs and waste disposal areas. 

Apply cement squeeze or attapulgite gel-barite squeeze. 

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