Atropine ophthalmic

Irrigate eyes with tepid water imtil pH returns to neutral and remains so for 30 min after irrigation is discontinued (Brodovsky et al., 2000). Time imtil decontamination after ocular exposme is important since phosgene oxime is absorbed within seconds. Corneal ulcers should be treated with atropine ophthalmics to prevent synechiae formation, and other ophthalmics to aid in re-epithelialization (Grant and Schimian, 1993 Brodovsky et al., 2000). 

Cherkaoui, S., Mateus, L., Christen, P., and Veuthey, J.-L. (1997). Development and validation of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for the determination of atropine, homatropine and scopolamine in ophthalmic solutions.. Chromatogr. B 696(2), 283-290. 

Ophthalmic Solution-. 0.5% (Isopto Atropine), 1% (Atropisol, Isopto Atropine), 2%(At-ropisol). 

Ocular inserts probably represent one of the oldest ophthalmic formulation approaches. In 1948 the British Pharmacopoeia described an atropine-in-gelatin wafer and ever since then numerous systems have been developed applying various polymers and different release principals. However, the difficulty of insertion by the patient, foreign-body sensation, and inadvertent loss of inserts from the eye make these systems less popular, especially among the elderly. Furthermore, the high cost involved in manufacture prevented the insert market from taking off [197],... 

Atropine sulfate Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic (Various) Ointment 1... 

Goldstein JH, Schneekloth BB. Atropine versus cyclopentolate plus tropicamide in esodeviations. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996 27 1030-1034. 

Atropine Sulphate ophthalmic ointment Atropine Sulphate ophthalmic solution Atropine Sulphate tablets Glass, 1.8 M x 2mm I.D. 3% G3 /SlAB Nitrogen 225 FID Homatropine Hydrobromide USP (24, p. 179) USP (24, p. 179)... 

TTie ability of certain drugs to cross the ocular and nasolacrimal epithelium means that these drugs are to some extent absorbed systemically. The degree to which this occurs in the horse has not been investigated extensively. However, topical atropine has been recognized as causing transient ileus, particularly in foals, and has been implicated in a very small number of fatal colic cases in adult horses (Brooks 1999). Dexametha-sone has been detected in the serum of horses 24 h after cessation of administration of a 0.1% ointment three times a day (Speiss et al 1999) and trainers of competition horses should be made aware of the possibility of forensic detection of topically administered ophthalmic drugs. 

Ileus is a potential side-effect of the systemic absorption of ophthalmic atropine in the horse. This may be an idiosyncratic response affecting only a few individual horses but all atropine-treated horses should be monitored for signs of colic. 

Tropicamide is a synthetic agent that readily penetrates the cornea after topical instillation since it occurs primarily in the unionized form at physiological pH. It has a less-potent muscarinic blocking action than atropine and is of little value in the treatment of uveitis. However, a 1% solution is used routinely to achieve mydriasis for ophthalmic examination. Mydriasis is usually evident within 20-30 min of instillation, reaching a maximum after Ih and lasting 8-12 h. 

Atropine is used in the management of sinus bradycardia with hemodynamic instability and in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, and organophos-phate and carbamate poisoning. It is also present in ophthalmic preparations to induce mydriasis and cyclopegia. Atropine is often administered preope-ratively to decrease secretions. 

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