Biosphere-atmosphere interaction

The concepts involved in the eddy correlation technique and the factors involved in the design of appropriate chemical sensors are briefly examined in this chapter. The discussion focuses on surface-layer measurements because it is in this layer that the atmosphere-biosphere interaction is most readily examined. 

Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1981. 

Claiborn, C.S., Atmospheric-Biospheric Interactions of Ambient H202 Climatology at Mt. Mitchell, N.C., and Transport into Needles of Red Spruce, Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State University, 1991. 

Kim, S Guenther, A., Karl, T., Greenberg, J. (2011) Contributions of primary and secondary biogenic VOC to total OH reactivity during the CABINEX (Community Atmosphere-Biosphere INteractions Experiments)-09 field campaign. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 8613. 

National Academy of Sciences. 1981. Atmosphere-biosphere interactions Toward a better understanding of the ecological consequences of fossil fuel combustion. Washington, DC NAS/Natl. Res. Counc. 

There are 5 major reservoirs in the Earth system atmosphere, biosphere (vegetation, animals), soils, hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater), and the lithosphere (Earth crust). Elemental cycles of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements interact with the different reservoirs of the Earth system. The carbon cycle has important aspects in tropical forests due to the large amount of carbon stored in the tropical forests and the high rate of tropical deforestation 0acob 1999)-... 

Andreae, M. O. 1998. Feedbacks and interactions between Global change, atmospheric chemistry and the biosphere. Paper presented at the Workshop on Geosphere-Biosphere Interactions and Climate. Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Vatican City, 9-13 November 1998. 

Prinn R. (1994) The interactive atmosphere global atmospheric-biospheric chemistry. Ambio 23, 50-61. 

The soil solution is the interface between soil and the other three active environmental compartments—atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere (Fig. 1.1). The boundaries are dashed lines to indicate that matter and energy move actively from one compartment to another the environmental compartments are closely interactive rather than isolated. The interface between marine sediments and seawater, and between groundwater and subsoils, is chemically much the same as the interface between surface soils and the soil solution. Sediments remove and release ions from the bodies of water they contact by the same processes as the interface between the soil and the soil solution. 

The chemical interactions among the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, biological prodnctivity... 

Fig. 1.1 Scheme of the physico-chemical interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere and anthroposphere (the Climate System). 

Fig. 1 Earth system consisting of subsystems such as atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, humans and geosphere. Subsystems are interacting each other with regard to mass and heats...

Cmtzen, P.J., 2002 Eine schillemde Hypothese...mit der sich s leben lafit und ohne die man als Forscher auskommt , in GAIA, 1/2002 19-21. Cmtzen, P.J., 2002 A Critical Analysis of the Gaia Hypothesis as a Model for Climate/Biosphere Interactions , in GAIA, 2/2002 96-103. Cmtzen, P.J., 2002 The Effects of Industrial and Agricultural Practices on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate During the Anthropocene , in Journal of Environment Science and Health, 37 423 24. 

Elucidate the entire complex interactive chemistry of our biosphere— the atmosphere, the earth, and its lakes, rivers, and oceans—and provide the scientific basis for policies that preserve our environment. 

Radiocarbon (14C) is produced in the atmosphere by the cosmic ray neutron flux interacting with 14N[14N(n,p)14C], The 14C hot1 atom then equilibrates with atmospheric C02 which participates in the C-0 cycle and passes into the food chain (biosphere). Most of the radiocarbon is taken up by the oceans which constitute the largest reservoir of C02 within the secondary geochemical cycle. 

In turn, the concentration of C02 in the atmosphere depends on the mass of the biosphere and its rate of decay after death, and on the carbonic-anhydrase concentrations in the sea surface. In future predictions of the rate of increase of C02 partial pressure in the atmosphere due to burning fossil fuels, it will be important to include the interaction of the atmospheric C02 with the bio-organic reservoir and the catalyzation of its absorption into the sea by means of the action of carbonic-anhydrase dissolved in sea water, considerations which have not been taken into account in past computations. 

The use of materials such as asbestos in buildings and machinery is now largely discontinued, but poses a health hazard when the material is disturbed. Recognition of the importance of atmospheric particles is reflected in a dedicated volume in this series [3]. In this chapter we emphasise the interaction with the biosphere. 

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