Astral

Cytokinesis begins with astral relaxation of the cell cortex, perhaps triggered by the mitotic spindle, followed by the accumulation in a circumferential equatorial band of actin filaments and associated myosin molecules to form a contractile... 

King, Francis, ed.Astral projection, ritual magic and alchemy. Wellingborough Aquarian P, 1987. 

When an Alchemist Speaks of Mercury, Sulphur and Salt, He Speaks of His Spiritual, Astral and Physical Bodies, Not of the Elements. Alchemy Unveiled Describes the Tribulations That a Human Being Has to Pass Through in Order to Purify These Three Bodies. However, to Achieve the Level of an Alchemist Requires Daily Study and Strict Daily Mental, Astral and Physical Exercises for Many Lifetimes. Alchemy Unveiled Will Lead the Reader on a Journey of a Complete Purification of the Body, Soul and Spirit, and for the First Time the Mystery of the Philosopher s Stone Is Openly Explained... 

Watson, Michael. The Astral Light, the Prime Material and the Universal Mercury. Hermetic J, no. 11 (Spring 1981) 5-11. 

Catalogues some 290 authors and their occult books, ranging across 184 branches of Occult study from Alchemy and Astral Projection to the Zohar and Zoroastrianism... 

Although alchemy appears in the title and the description says "They explain systems of divination such as the I Ching, the Tarot, and geomancy, as well as techniques of astral projection and elementary alchemy", the book appears to be very marginal (subject to examination of it)... 

Mathers, Samuel Liddell MacGregor. Astral projection, ritual magic, and alchemy Golden Dawn material by S.L. MacGregor Mathers and others edited and introduced by Francis King additional material by R.A. Gilbert. London Spearman,... 

Schaar That is interesting, because in normal epithelium vertical divisions usually occur. Would you think that there could be some sort of epistasis that would put Pins closer to being able to anchor these astral microtubules from the spindle Have you tried to mislocalize Pins ... 

Nurse There are yeast mutants that capture the astral microtubules and orient the nucleus. It may be interesting to look at homologues of these. 

FIG. 5. Distribution of microtubules during anaphase in wild-type and %yg-8 t165G) mutant embryos as revealed by staining with anti-tubulin antibodies. White contour marks the anterior cortex. In wild-type, astral microtubules are long, extending all the way to the cell cortex. Astral microtubules in %yg-8 mutant embryos are shorter, and do not reach the vicinity of the cell cortex. Bar=10/tm. 

Aist JR, Liang H, Berns MW 1993 Astral and spindle forces in PtK2 cells during anaphase B a laser microbeam study. J Cell Sci 104 1207-1216 Bohm H, Brinkmann V, Drab M, Henske A, Kurzchalia TV 1997 Mammalian homologues of C. elegant PAR-1 are asymmetrically localized in epithelial cells and may influence their polarity. Curr Biol 7 603-606... 

Schaar How does that come about Are there any astral interactions that this process depends on ... 

Goncyy That is true in embryos that manage rotation as in wild-type. But in those 20% of embryos that don t, the spindle usually drifts slowly towards the anterior pole. We think this is because astral microtubules are not long enough to reach the posterior cortex. 

Nurse With respect to the astral microtubules emanating towards the cortex, which are shorter in the gyg-8 mutant, are the pulling forces a consequence of the microtubules in wild-type being attached to the cortex, or are they due to attachment sites in the cytoplasm and associated motors, which means that if you extend longer into the cortex you would have a bigger pulling force than if you are shorter ... 

Gonc y We don t know. Indeed, there could be either length-dependent forces which do not require astral microtubules touching the cortex, or forces that require such contact. 

Gonc y We know of a requirement for astral microtubules, cytoplasmic dynein, the dynactin components p50and pi 50, as well as a protein called LET-99 (Hyman White 1987, Gonczy et al 1999b, Rose Kemphues 1998). 

Goncgy One of the popular models to explain the 90° rotation of centrosomes in PI invokes capture of astral microtubules at an anterior cortical site by a localized minus-end directed motor. This would generate a torque on the centrosome/ nuclear complex and reel one of the centrosomes in the direction of the cortical site (Hyman 1989). 

Nurse In that context, in budding yeast there is nuclear migration and there are astral microtubules captured by the bud tip. The bud tip will have also been marking where cytokinesis will have been initiated. There might be some links there. 

The drug consists of dried short pieces of roots, which are brick red-colored, with a sweet taste resembling to liquorice. This herb is regarded as one of the five astral remedies by Chinese practitioners who recommend it for the cardiovascular system and blood-related ailments, such as hemorrhages and menstruation, and to promote healing of wounds. 

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