ASTM Class 1 weights

Asphalt [8052-42-4] is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1) as a dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating constituents are bitumens that occur in nature or are obtained in petroleum processing. Bitumen is a generic term defined by ASTM as a class of black or dark-colored (soHd, semisoHd, or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or manufactured, composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, of which asphalts, tars, pitches, and asphaltites are typical. 

The sulfur percentages of 0.02 weight-percent or less in the shale oil diesel fuels would permit these fuels to be classed as low-sulfur diesel fuels. Nitrogen percentages were low, ranging from 141 to 202 parts per million (ppm). Cetane indexes, calculated by ASTM method D-976 (7j, were excellent, ranging from 48 to 56. 

Naphtha feed is often characterized using PINA analysis that simply is the weight % of K-paraffin, Ao-paraffin, naphthene and aromatic compounds. If the typical commercial indexes (specific gravity, PINA analysis and TBP curves or ASTM D86) are used properly, it is possible to empirically derive detailed naphtha composition by referring to the four different hydrocarbon classes and only to a limited number of reference components within each class. In fact, the PINA information indicates the relative abundance of the four different classes directly. The specific gravity and boiling curve allow the specification of the initial and final cuts of the hydrocarbon mixture as well as the relative presence and distribution of the reference pseudo components inside each fraction. 

The procedure of ASTM D 2017 is very similar to that of ASTM 1413, except for some technicalities. For example, in D 2017 wood samples should be sawed into blocks of 25 X 25 X 9 mm in size, while in D 1413 they should be cubes milled to 19 X 19 X 19 mm in size. Test fungi are the same in both ASTM procedures except L. lepideus was eliminated in D 2017. Duration of the test (microbial exposure period) is 12 weeks in D 1413, and a minimum of 8 weeks with subsequent weekly intervals for additional samples, until 60% weight loss or 16 weeks duration, whichever comes first. ASTM D 2017 classifies Class of Resistance to a Specified Test Fungus as follows ... 

Calibration of TA instrumentation and development of standards for calibration continue to be administered by ICTAC in conjunction with ASTM. The standardization Committee of ICTAC has certified a range of materials for temperature calibration of TA systems, and in addition, standards for calibration of mass (known as Class M Standards ) are available for this purpose. A range of certified reference materials are available for enthalpy calibration in DSC. Temperature calibration for TMA and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is effected by using disks of pure metals (silver, aluminum, and tin) separated by alumina disks. Load or force calibration for DMA is a complex process involving the use of calibrated weights. Temperature calibration for DETA is effected by measuring the melting transition of benzoic acid and dielectric calibration is... 

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