Assessing influence

Modarres M., Mosleh A., Wreathall J., 1994. A framework for assessing influence of organization on plant safety, Reliability Engineering System Safety 45, pp. 157-171. 

Chart I (Ramachandran and Witkop, 1959) summarizes these results The two sequences Try-Ala (17-18) and Try-Lys (52-53) are exposed and fully reactive NBS the sequence Try-Thr (151-152) is buried (cf. Herskovits and Laskowski, 1960) in the A-protein, but becomes accessible to NBS in the tryptic hexadecapeptide. In addition to the methods of spectral perturbation of chromophoric groups by polyhydroxy compounds, spectrophotometric titration studies, and ultraviolet difference spectra the reactivity of tryptophan toward selective agents such as NBS may offer a new tool for assessing influences of secondary or tertiary structure in this area. 

Gray, J.B. A simple graphic for assessing influence in regression. Journal of Statistical Computing and Simulation 1986 24 121-134. 

Some years ago, a monograph was published [304] in which this problem was elucidated in detail. At the same time, some of the questions remain disputable, such as methods of determination of biodegradation of surfactants, their objective assessment, influence on the... 

The above activities have nothing to do with building production procedures as they are services. However, the quality of assessments influences decisions in regard to retrofitting and therefore the performance of buildings or similar works in future earthquakes. 

Information supplied by flaw visualization systems has decisive influence on fracture assessment of the defect. Results of expert ultrasonic examination show that in order to take advantage of AUGUR4.2 potentialities in full measure advanced methods of defect assessment should be applied using computer modelling, in-site data of material mechanical properties and load monitoring [4]. 

Assessment variations ranging from 2 to 3 dB are normal, even with well-trained ultrasonic inspectors. With longer work assignments or adverse external influences (cold, heat, dust, noises, etc.) considerably higher variations (12 dB and more) are often observed due to lack of concentration and to tiredness [1]. 

Solvents exert their influence on organic reactions through a complicated mixture of all possible types of noncovalent interactions. Chemists have tried to unravel this entanglement and, ideally, want to assess the relative importance of all interactions separately. In a typical approach, a property of a reaction (e.g. its rate or selectivity) is measured in a laige number of different solvents. All these solvents have unique characteristics, quantified by their physical properties (i.e. refractive index, dielectric constant) or empirical parameters (e.g. ET(30)-value, AN). Linear correlations between a reaction property and one or more of these solvent properties (Linear Free Energy Relationships - LFER) reveal which noncovalent interactions are of major importance. The major drawback of this approach lies in the fact that the solvent parameters are often not independent. Alternatively, theoretical models and computer simulations can provide valuable information. Both methods have been applied successfully in studies of the solvent effects on Diels-Alder reactions. 

In this section the influence of micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and dodecyl heptaoxyethylene ether (C12E7) on the Diels-Alder reaction of 5.1a-g with 5.2 in the absence of Lewis-add catalysts is described (see Scheme 5.1). Note that the dienophiles can be divided into nonionic (5.1a-e), anionic (5.If) and cationic (5.1g) species. A comparison of the effect of nonionic (C12E7), anionic (SDS) and cationic (CTAB) micelles on the rates of their reaction with 5.2 will assess of the importance of electrostatic interactions in micellar catalysis or inhibition. 

The principal tool for performance-based quality assessment is the control chart. In a control chart the results from the analysis of quality assessment samples are plotted in the order in which they are collected, providing a continuous record of the statistical state of the analytical system. Quality assessment data collected over time can be summarized by a mean value and a standard deviation. The fundamental assumption behind the use of a control chart is that quality assessment data will show only random variations around the mean value when the analytical system is in statistical control. When an analytical system moves out of statistical control, the quality assessment data is influenced by additional sources of error, increasing the standard deviation or changing the mean value. 

Resonance stabilization energies are generally assessed from thermodynamic data. If we define to be the resonance stabilization energy of species i, then the heat of formation of that species will be less by an amount ej than for an otherwise equivalent molecule without resonance. Likewise, the AH for a reaction which is influenced by resonance effects is less by an amount Ae (A is the usual difference products minus reactants) than the AH for a reaction which is otherwise identical except for resonance effects ... 

Benefits depend upon location. There is reason to beheve that the ratio of hydrocarbon emissions to NO has an influence on the degree of benefit from methanol substitution in reducing the formation of photochemical smog (69). Additionally, continued testing on methanol vehicles, particularly on vehicles which have accumulated a considerable number of miles, may show that some of the assumptions made in the Carnegie Mellon assessment are not vahd. Air quaUty benefits of methanol also depend on good catalyst performance, especially in controlling formaldehyde, over the entire useful life of the vehicle. 

Whereas there is no universally accepted specification for marketed natural gas, standards addressed in the United States are Hsted in Table 6 (8). In addition to these specifications, the combustion behavior of natural gases is frequently characteri2ed by several parameters that aid in assessing the influence of compositional variations on the performance of a gas burner or burner configuration. The parameters of flash-back and blow-off limits help to define the operational limits of a burner with respect to flow rates. The yeUow-tip index helps to define the conditions under which components of the natural gas do not undergo complete combustion, and the characteristic blue flame of natural gas burners begins to show yellow at the flame tip. These... 

R. M. Garrels, F. T. Mackenzie, and C. Hunt, Chemical Cycles and the Global Environment Assessing Human Influences, Kaufman, Inc., Los Altos, Calif, 1975 A. J. M. Schoot Uiterkamp, in P. M. Gresshoff, L. E. Roth, G. Stacey, and W. E. Newton, eds.. Nitrogen Eixation Achievements and Objectives, Chapman and Hall, London, 1990, p. 55. 

Influence diagrams can be used with the strategy tables to identify factors or variables that create uncertainty in assessing the value of various options. Issues can be quaUtatively prioritized in selecting the best path to generate value for the business. 

In a parahel move, antidumping duties against these three countries were also assessed for import of sihcon into the European Community. These latter duties are due to expire. The term for antidumping duties in Europe is a period of five years. The impact of antidumping duties is not straightforward, but rather is influenced by factors such as Most Favored Nation Status in the United States and by export of finished products made from materials containing antidumping duties tariff to Third World nations and in the European Community. 

Dose—response relationships are useful for many purposes in particular, the following if a positive dose—response relationship exists, then this is good evidence that exposure to the material under test is causally related to the response the quantitative information obtained gives an indication of the spread of sensitivity of the population at risk, and hence influences ha2ard evaluation the data may allow assessments of no effects and minimum effects doses, and hence may be valuable in assessing ha2ard and by appropriate considerations of the dose—response data, it is possible to make quantitative comparisons and contrasts between materials or between species. 

Pharmacokinetic studies should allow an assessment of the relationship between the environmental-exposure conditions and the absorbed dose, and how these influence the doses of test material and metaboHtes received by various body tissues and fluids, and the potential for storage. Numerous texts are available on the design and conduct of metaboHsm and pharmacokinetic studies (117—119). 

The influence of soil ageing on the recovery of POPs from spiked soil samples was also assessed. Spiked lettuce samples were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal extraction to assess the bioavailability of Endosulfan compounds. All samples (soil and lettuce) were extracted using pressurised fluid extraction and analysed using gas chromatography with mass selective detection. 

The influence of skin effects in a multi-core cable is almost the same as that of a multiphase busbar system, discussed in Sections 28.7 and 28.8. However, unlike a busbar system, the resistance and inductive reactance for various sizes of cables can be easily measured and are provided by leading manufacturers as standard practice in their technical data sheets. To this extent, making an assessment of skin effects in cables is easy compared to a busbar system. Since all the phases in a cable, of a 3-core or 3 72-core are in a regularly twisted formation throughout the length of the cable, they represent the case of an ideal phase transposition (Section 28.8.4(3)) and almost nullify the effect of proximity. 

Corona effect All such factors may influence the If and IZnO in different proportions and be detrimental in assessing the actual variation in through IZnO. IZnO therefore cannot be regarded as a true replica of I, monitoring IZnO may not accurately assess the actual condition of the arrester. To use IZnO to assess the condition of an arrester, it is essential to separate from it. 

Almost all common metals and structural steels are liable to corrode in seawater. Regulations have to be followed in the proper choice of materials [16], In addition, there is a greater risk of corrosion in mixed constructions consisting of different metals on account of the good conductivity of seawater. The electrochemical series in seawater (see Table 2-4), the surface area rule [Eq. (2-44)] and the geometrical arrangement of the structural components serve to assess the possibility of bimetallic corrosion (see Section 2.2.4.2 and Ref. 17). Moreover the polarization resistances have considerable influence [see Eq. (2-43)]. The standards on bimetallic corrosion provide a survey [16,17]. 

A railroad tank car has derailed and overturned, and some material is leaking out and apparently evaporating. The car is labeled "Toxic." In order to take appropriate emergency action, which meteorological factors would you consider and how would you assess them In addition to air pollutants, what meteorological factor has a profound effect on decreasing visibility, and what is the approximate threshold of its influence ... 

The influence of a particular dielectric on the capacitance of a condenser is conveniently assessed by the dielectric constant, also known as the relative permittivity or rarely specific inductive capacity. This is defined as the ratio of the relative condenser capacity, using the given material as a dielectric, to the capacity of the same condenser, without dielectric, in a vacuum (or for all practical intents and purposes, air). 

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