Assembled unit, photograph

If the line art and text originals are sized correcdy ia relation to one another, these can be assembled together onto a stiff paper or acetate base to form a paste-up or mechanical and photographed as a unit. Liae art or text that is not sized correctly is enlarged or reduced on the camera and assembly is done at a later stage. Continuous-tone originals are treated separately and assembled later. 

Fig. 12.3 Fabrication of the nanocomposite paper units for battery, (a) Schematic of the battery assembled by using nanocomposite film units. The nanocomposite unit comprises LiPF6 electrolyte and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) embedded inside cellulose paper. A thin extra layer of cellulose covers the top of the MWNT array. Ti/Au thin film deposited on the exposed MWNT acts as a current collector. In the battery, a thin Li electrode film is added onto the nanocomposite, (b) Cross-sectional SEM image of the nanocomposite paper showing MWNT protruding from the cel-lulose-RTIL ([bmlm] [Cl]) thin films (scale bar, 2pm). The schematic displays the partial exposure of MWNT. A supercapacitor is prepared by putting two sheets of nanocomposite paper together at the cellulose exposed side and using the MWNTs on the external surfaces as electrodes, (c) Photographs of the nanocomposite units demonstrating mechanical flexibility. Flat sheet (top), partially rolled (middle), and completely rolled up inside a capillary (bottom) are shown (See Color Plates)...

Figure 10.17 shows an eight-stage 4-cm contactor. The motors are also face mounted, as discussed by Leonard (1988). There is only one leg between the two four-stage banks of contactors. In later units, one leg has been put at each end of each bank of contactors. This design makes it easier to handle individual banks of four contactor stages. A four-stage 10-cm contactor is shown in Figure 10.18. In this photograph, an overhead crane is lifting one of the motor/rotor assemblies out of the contactor housing.

The second electrolyser was a research unit assembled for SRNL by the University of South Carolina (USC). It was constructed with platinised carbon cloth electrodes, a Nafion 115 PEM electrolyte, carbon paper flow fields, solid graphite back plates, copper current collectors and stainless steel end plates. The USC electrolyser had an active cell area of 40 cm and a Pt catalyst loading of 0.5 mg/ cm (only one-eighth that of the commercial cell). The carbon-based configuration proved to be much more corrosive resistant than the commercial-type electrolyzer. A photograph of the two electrolyzer units is shown in Figure 3. 

Fig. 2.32 The FM21 SP Electrolyser. (a) The overall construction, (b) A single electrode, which has a nominal projected area of 0.21 on each face. The photograph shows the electrolyte ports and the current feeder busbar. A symmetrical lantern blade electrode is shown complete with its compression-moulded gasket, (c) An assembled, multi-electrode reactor, showing the electrolyte manifolds and the end plate. The electrolyser unit is capable of taking up to 60 electrode pairs, which would provide a projected cathode or anode area of up to 25 m. A double-pack version utilizes a central plate extending, the capacity to a maximum of 120 electrodes (50 m ). The construction of FM21 electrolysers for chloralkali production is considered in Chapter 3. (Photographs supplied by ICI Chemicals and Polymers Ltd.)...

ICP-MS was slow to adopt multipole ion optics, despite their routine use in organic mass spectrometry for some considerable time. Commercial ICP-MS models have to date employed the quadrupole and higher order multipoles such as the hexapole and octopole as gas pressurised collision cells/unpressurised ion guides. A photograph of an exposed hexapole assembly is shown in Figure 1.9. The unit comprises six highly polished rods with a circular profile, held parallel in an accurately machined ceramic former, effectively forming a tube. 

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