Glucose assay for

In figure 7 a procedure was described for aspirating a sample from a capillary tube and simultaneously adding zinc sulfate and barium hydroxide solutions in order to produce a Somogyi filtrate. Aliquots of the supernatant are suitable for assay for glucose and urea by various procedures. The reason for this is the fact that zinc hydroxide precipitates uric acid, creatinine and other substances, such as low molecular polypeptides, along with the proteins, so that there results a solution which is clear with relatively few components. 

Haugaard, N., Cutler, J., and Ruggieri, M.R. (1981) Use of N-ethylmaleimide to prevent interference by sulfhydryl reagents with the glucose oxidase assay for glucose. Anal. Biochem. 116, 341-343. 

Tolosa L, Malak H, Raob G, Lakowicz JR. Optical assay for glucose based on the luminescence decay time of the long wavelength dye Cy5 (TM). Sensors and Actuators B 1997, 45, 93-99. 

D Auria S, DiCesare N, Staiano M, Gryczynski Z, Rossi M, Lakowicz JR. A novel fluorescence competitive assay for glucose determinations by using a thermostable glucokinase from the thermophilic microorganism Bacillus stearothermophilus. Analytical Biochemistry 2002, 303, 138-144. 

Ibey BL, Beier HT, Rounds RM, Cote GL, Yadavalli VK, Pishko MV. Competitive binding assay for glucose based on glycodendrimer-fluorophore conjugates. Analytical... 

Scheme 2. Reaction pathways utilising a redox enzyme linked amperometric measurement via a redox mediator, (b) assay for glucose (a)+(b) assay for creatine, creatine kinase or hexokinase (c) competitive immunoassay using Fc-labelled antigen.

Other biosensor-based diagnostic instruments, such as the enzyme-electrode-based analyzers of YSI for glucose and lactate, are utilized routinely in many clinical laboratories. i-Stat recently introduced a portable analyzer for bedside use which utilizes enzyme-electrode-based assays for glucose and urea, as well as chemical sensor tests for nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and chloride. 

The direct measurement of analyte concentrations below approx. 10 mol/L with electrochemical sensors is so far only possible with the advanced microfabrication process of Ikarijama et al. [21-23]. Usually a chemical amplifier system has to be used for increased sensitivity. The only analytes which already provide this amplification system themselves are enzymes catalytically turning over their substrates. If the product of the enzymatic reaction can be assayed with a sensor, the activity of the respective enzyme can also be determined. As an example, an amperometric assay for glucose oxidase using benzoquinone as an oxidant has been published [37] ... 

Cavari, B. and Phelps, G., 1977. Sensitive enzymatic assay for glucose determination in natural waters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 33 1237—1243. 

An assay for glucose using glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase... 

Portability, time of analysis and automation are important issues for environmental sensors. Collection and transportation of samples to the laboratory adds to the cost of analysis. Solutions to these issues have been addressed in this volume in Chapters 9, 17 and 18, that report developments of a screen printed disposable electrode for organophosphate pesticides, a compact self-standing immunosensor for bacteria, and spot assay for glucose, respectively. In a recent report development of an enzyme electrode for the remote monitoring, with a very fast response time, of organophosphate pesticides was reported (23). An automated prototype immunosensor... 

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