Asphalts for surface and base mixtures

The asphalts used for surface, binder and asphalt base are asphalt concrete and cold asphalt. 

The asphalt concrete is designed in accordance to the Marshall (Asphalt Institute 6th Edition) or Superpave design (Asphalt Institute 2001). 

Emphasis is given to the proper compaction of the asphalt layers. In core sampling or nuclear determination, the average of five density determinations should be equal to or greater than 96% of the average density of laboratory-prepared specimens, and no individual specimen should be lower than 94%. When compacted density is compared to the theoretical maximum specific gravity, the above percentage values become 92% and 90%, respectively. 

2 Cold asphalt mixtures - emulsified asphalt base mixtures 

The cold asphalts (emulsified asphalt mixtures) recommended to be used are divided into three characteristic types  

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