Aspergillus nidulans species

Sterigmatocystin (ST) or dihydrosterigmatocystin (DHST) (Fig.11.1), a related dihydrofuran toxin, is the penultimate precursor of aflatoxins, and is also produced as a final biosynthetic product by a number of species such as Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus nidulans. Sterigmatocystin is hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic as well, but is less potent than aflatoxins. The common biochemical... 

Different members of the xanthine oxidase family show differing susceptibility to cyanide. Thus, while mammalian aldehyde oxidases react more readily with cyanide, purine hydroxylase II imm Aspergillus nidulans was found to be highly resistant and only with extensive treatment did the desulfo form develop. Early XAS work indicated the presence of an oxo-sulfido active site with both Mo=0 and Mo=S coordination, and that the cyanolyzable sulfur is the Mo=S, and resolving a debate in which Mo=S and persulfide were candidates for the cyanolyzable sulfur. Xanthine oxidase also reacts with arsenite As(OH)3 to form an inhibited complex in which molybdenum is bound by arsenic through the labile sulfur (Mo-S-As). The conclusions of the early XAS study have recently been confirmed and extended by protein crystallography of the inhibitory species. ... 

Behera BC, Sonone A, Makhija U (2009b) Protoplast isolation from cultured lichen Usnea ghattensis, their fusion with protoplasts of Aspergillus nidulans, fusant regeneration and production of usnic acid. Folia Microbiol 54 415-418 Behera BC, Mahadik N, Morey M (2012) Antioxidative and cardiovascular-protective activities of metabolite usnic acid and psoromic acid produced by lichen species Usnea complanata under submerged fermentation. Pharm Biol 50 968-979 Bezivin C, Tomasi S, Rouaud I et al (2004) Cytotoxic activity of compounds from the lichen Cladonia convoluta. Planta Med 70 874-877... 

Chilton IJ, Delaney CE, Barham-Morris J, Fincham DA, Hooley P, Whitehead MP (2008) The Aspergillus nidulans stress response transcription factor StzA is ascomycete-specific and shows species-specific polymorphisms in the C-terminal region. Mycol Res 112 1435-1446 Cziferszky A, Mach RL, Kubicek CP (2002) Phosphorylation positively regulates DNA binding of the carbon catabolite repressor Crel of Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei). J Biol Chem 277 14688-14694... 

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate reductase domains and the amino acid homology with nitrate reductases from other species and other proteins. Arabidopsis thaliana amino acid sequence is from Crawford et al. (1988). Other sequence data are as follows Nicotiana tabacum, Nia 2, N. sylvestris type (Vaucheret et al., 1989b) Hordeum vu/ ore(K. M. Schnorr, A. Kleinhofs, and R. L. Warner, unpublished data) Oryza sativa (Choi et al., 1989) Aspergillus nidulans (Kinghom and Campbell, 1989) rat liver sulfite oxidase (Rlso) (Crawford et al., 1988) chicken microsomal cytochrome (CM cyt b5) (Ndbrega and Ozols, 1971) cytochrome bf reductase, bovine (Ozols et al., 1985) cytochrome reductase, human (Yubisui et al., 1984).

The next stage was to compare the model A, nidulans (Abnc) with other Aspergillus species that had been assessed to be efficient in vinasse degradation. These species were. niger (9,12,7),. oryzae (4, 9, 12, 24) and. sulphureus (Dr. Choit idyan, personal communication). 

The species Emericella nidulans var. acristata, an endophyte of an unknown chlorophycean harvested in Sicily, contains arugosins G and H, other arugosins already known, and various prenylated aromatic polyketides (ben-zophenones, xanthones) which have also been isolated from many species of Aspergillus (Kralj et al., 2006), as well as emindole DA, an indolic alkaloid formed from a diterpene and previously isolated from the spedes Emericella desertorum and Emericella striata (Nozawa et al., 1987). 

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