As synergists

Antimony oxide and 2inc borate are also used as synergists for unsaturated polyesters. Their combined effect on the flame spread index (25) is ... 

Figure 2. Flame retardancy of PP (1) aromatic Br (2) aliphatic Br (3) aliphatic and (4) aromatic Br with Sb 03 as synergist. (Curves 1-4 reprinted with permission from ref. 12. Copyright 1977 John Wiley and Sons. Curve 5, this paper data from Table I.)...

Food odors are also important as attractants for traps both on their own or in combination with pheromone lures as synergists or additive attractants. Food odors can be used to improve the capture of species that do not have commercially available pheromone lures, of females that do not respond to traps with sex pheromones, and of immature stages. In a number of situations, pheromones combined with food odor are more attractive then either alone (Landolt and Phillips, 1997 Phillips et al., 1993 Trematerra and Girgenti, 1989). Food odor has an advantage over food bait packs because typically the insect is unable to develop on the chemical fraction containing the attractant in contrast to food bait packs. The effectiveness of food attractants can be diminished in environments that contain other food odors. 

Warshawsky, A., Rogachev, I., Patil, Y., Baszkin, A., Weiner, L. and Gressel, J. (2001). Copper-specific chelators as synergists to herbicides 1. Amphiphilic dithiocarbamates, synthesis, transport through lipid bilayers, and inhibition of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity, Langmuir, 17, 5621-5635. 

As already mentioned, the cucujolides form species specific mixtures of at least two compounds per species. Depending on the species, some of the compounds are active per se while others act as synergists. Species specificity also includes enantiomeric composition. While cucujolides II and III show (S)-con-figuration in C.ferrugineus and C.pusillus, respectively, cucujolies II, IV, and V... 

An enhancement effect exists between NVP and the acrylate components in the cure of these systems. This behavior is interpreted as synergistic effect resulting from a variety of complex interactions between the components and not simply as a solvent effect. 

The increased risk of thromboembolism associated with atrial fibrillation and with the placement of mechanical heart valves has long been recognized. Similarly, prolonged bed rest, high-risk surgical procedures, and the presence of cancer are clearly associated with an increased incidence of deep venous thrombosis and embolism. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is another important acquired risk factor. Drugs may function as synergistic risk factors in concert with inherited risk factors. 

Phenolic antioxidants together in combination with thiodiprop-ionate compounds as synergists have been used for this purpose, e.g., n-octadecyl-3-(4 -hydroxy-3, 5 -di-ferf-butylphenyl)propionate and dilauryl thiodipropionate (14). These systems have a tendency to develop colored impurities as a byproduct of their antioxidant function. The production of colored impurities becomes particularly evident in spray drying processes that utilize partially inert atmospheres (12). 

Contribute sweetness, body to drink. Act as synergist and give balance to flavour... 

Amino acids are generally classified into several groups which correspond to each characteristic taste. Since amino acids show mixed tastes as above, the taste interactions such as synergistic effect and repression effect are automatically included in their taste. The taste sensor should express this situation. The present study is the first trial to study the taste of amino acids using artificial sensing devices. 

Small alcohols and glycol ethers (3-5 C s) as synergists for VC polymers... 

VCap vinyl pyridine copolymers Polyoxyalkylenediamines as synergists for VCap polymers Hybranes... 

The new features are detailed in this review most using diamide as a model system and illustrated with published data on other extractant systems. Figure 7.1 summarizes the structure of the different extractants cited in this chapter. The mixture of extractants as synergistic systems and extractants, such as the N-polydentate ligands BTP (39, 40), BTBP (41, 42), or bis-malonamide (43), will not be treated here. These extractants have low solubility in alkane and are generally used in chlorinated solvent or octanol or diamide/alkane solution to enhance their solubility. 

The bonding is sometimes described as synergistic, implying that the donation M— CO enhances the Lewis basicity of CO towards M. Carbon monoxide tends to stabilise low oxidation states of the d block elements, since its bonding requires the presence of filled nd orbitals on M. 

Mathur, J. N. and Khopker, P. K. (1988) Use of crown ethers as synergists in the solvent extraction of trivalent actinides and lanthanides by l-phenyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoroacetyl-5-pyrazolone, Solvent Extr. IonExch, 6(1), 111-124. 

It has been shown that the required loading levels of metal hydroxides to flame retard polyolefins can be reduced by the addition of transition metal oxides as synergistic agents. For example, a combination of 47.6% MH modified with nickel oxide in PP gave a UL94 V-0 flammability rating, which would require -55% of unmodified MH.4 These systems, however, can only be used where the color of the product is not important. 

Vannier, A., Duquesne, S., Bourbigot, S., Castrovinci, A., Camino, G., and Delobel, R., The use of POSS as synergist in intumescent recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate), Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2008, 93, 818. 

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