As energy currency

This complexity is due to the central role of nucleotides as energy currency, signaling molecules, and precursors to informational macromolecules in the cell. If the supply of nucleotides becomes limiting, cells couldn t make DNA or RNA, for example. Likewise, cells need to have a balanced supply of nucleotides, because A and T, as... 

The universal molecule that all cells employ as energy currency (ATP) is synthesised from RNA precursors. 

FIGURE 15.9 The role of ATP as energy currency in processes that release energy attd processes that use energy. 

Describe the similarities between ATP production and use, and the function of money in society. You should appreciate the fact that this leads to the description of ATP as energy currency in the cell. 

Nucleotides are monomers that link together to form polymers called nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Each nucleotide comprises a C5 sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Nucleotides are major constituents of the hereditary material and can act as energy currency (ATP) in cells. Some derivatives of nucleotides can function in oxidation-reduction reactions in the cell. 

HIGH-ENERGY PHOSPHATES ACT AS THE "ENERGY CURRENCY" OF THE CELL... 

ATP acts as the energy currency of the cell, transferring free energy derived from substances of higher energy potential to those of lower energy potential. 

The only element that was discovered in body fluids (urine). This is plausible, as P plays a main role in all life processes. It is one of the five elements that make up DNA (besides C, H, N, and 0 evolution did not require anything else to code all life). The P-O-P bond, phosphoric acid anhydride, is the universal energy currency in cells. The skeletons of mammals consists of Ca phosphate (hydroxylapatite). The element is encountered in several allotropic modifications white phosphorus (soft, pyrophoric P4, very toxic), red phosphorus (nontoxic, used to make the striking surface of matchboxes), black phosphorus (formed under high pressures). Phosphates are indispensable as fertilizer, but less desirable in washing agents as the waste water is too concentrated with this substance (eutrophication). It has a rich chemistry, is the basis for powerful insecticides, but also for warfare agents. A versatile element. 

All eukaryotic cells possess subcellular organelles known as mitochondria. The central function of the mitochondria, though not the only one, is to produce ATP, the cellular energy currency, coupled to the oxidation of food-derived molecules. 

ATP a molecule that serves as the energy currency of the cell. 

Like the electrons in a platinum wire ATP can act as an energy currency and link energetically systems of widely different redox potentials.. . The oxidative stages in which oxygen is the final oxidising agent are all complex reactions. 

ATP is a crucial intermediate for cells to maintain normal activities without a minimum level, the cell will die as systems will fail. ATP is the energy currency of the cell and is required for the synthesis of many substances such as macromolecules for structural and functional purposes, which the cell needs, but also for processes such as cell division, maintenance of the correct ionic balance, muscular and electrical activity, ciliary movement, membrane transporters, and specific ion channels. 

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