Arthropods crustaceans

Arthropods Crustaceans, whole, 2 spp. Georgia, USA, estuaries Hg-contaminated estuary Total Hg 0.4-1.8 DW 7... 

Crustacea Arthropods, Crustaceans, Insects Lectins, PO, Leucine rich repeats, Toll, Tol interleukin receptors, AMPs, complement... 

Arthropods Crustacean Crab, rock lobster, prawn, shrimp, krill, barnacle Urticaria Tropomyosin Arginine kinase 9... 

Our present meagre understanding of normal endocrine processes in invertebrates makes the assessment of chemical endocrine disruption in the field difficult (LeBlanc 1999). Steroid roles differ between species and sometimes sexes, and their influence may vary at different developmental stages. In most studies of invertebrates, endocrine disruption appears to involve androgenization rather than oestrogenic effects (see Box 7.2). Arthropods (crustaceans and insects), annelids and molluscs use ecdysteroids, terpenoids and vertebratelike sex steroids for endocrine control. For example, the ecdysteroid ecdysone is naturally converted to 20-hydroxyecdysone (Fig. 7.10), which induces moulting (ecdysis) in both insect larvae and crustaceans. 

Comparison with Other Arthropods (Crustaceans and Insects)... 

Twisted arrangements have been observed in the cell wall of the spore of Endogone (Mucorale, fungi) and in various animal cuticles, namely in certain medusae (6) and in almost all Arthropods Crustaceans (3-6), Insects and other groups (review in 20). 

Dermatitis caused by echinoderms (sea urchins, sea stars) Eruptions caused by moUusks (clams, octopods, squids) Dermatoses caused by arthropods (crustaceans)... 

Arthropod Invertebrate with jointed body and limbs (includes insects, arachnids, and crustaceans). 

The phylum Arthropoda includes the classes Diplopoda (millipedes), Chilopoda (centipedes), Crustacea (see Chapter 3), and Insecta (see Chapter 1). All luminous arthropods other than crustaceans are terrestrial, and not very many luminous millipedes and centipedes are known. The luminescence of millipedes is usually intracellular, whereas luminous centipedes discharge luminous secretion. Substantial chemical studies have been made only with the millipede Luminodesmus sequoiae and the centipede Orphaneus brevilabiatus, of which the latter is discussed in the Section 10.3. 

The distribution of aquatic species sensitivities to cypermethrin is typical of SPs [7] (Giddings JM (2006) Compilation and evaluation of toxicity data for synthetic pyrethroids. Unpublished report of Compliance Services International, Rochester). Crustacean and insect species (from the phylum Arthropoda) tend to be more sensitive to pyrethroids compared to other invertebrates such as worms and mollusks, and fish tend to be less sensitive than arthropods. These sensitivities are... 

Chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, is present in large amounts in the exoskeletons of crustaceans and other arthropods and is a major marine biopolymer 16). Its availability is, however, limited to byproducts from seafood industries (76). 

The sodium content of the body extracellular fluids of marine invertebrates from the coelenterate through the arthropod phyla is approximately that of seawater. In freshwater and terrestrial invertebrates, the sodium of body fluids varies over a wide range and there is considerable variation among vertebrates. There are both fish and crustaceans so highly adaptable that they are able to live in either fresh or salt water. 

---