Arthrobacter spp

Arthrobactin (Fig. 15, 51) was obtained from Arthrobacter spp. and originally described as the growth factor of A. terregens, the terregens factor (57). Its structure was elucidated (207) and confirmed by synthesis (202). Also the structure... 

Siderophores with citrate-hydroxamate structures (schizokinen, arthrobactin and aerobactin) are synthesized by enteric bacilli and Arthrobacter spp. Their structures are shown in Figure 48. 

Several other microorganisms, such as Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter spp., Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, and other Pseudomonas spp., have also been shown to degrade 2,4-D and related pheno acetates. Recently, Chaudhry and Huang [69] reported a Flavobacterium sp., which degrades 2,4-D and utilizes it as sole source of carbon and energy. 

This approach has been used with a wide variety of organisms, although it is more commonly employed using Arthrobacter simplex, Brevibacterium lipolyticum, Corynebacterium spp and certain strains of Nocardia. 

Reports on a few other desulfurization organisms also exists, including Nocardia [98], S. acidocaldarius [5,99], Arthrobacter [100], R. toruloides, [101], C. elegans [102], Klebsiella spp. [103], and Alcaligenes xylosoxydans strain deposited with the ATCC under PTA-4669 [104], A S. acidocaldarius species was reported to desulfurize DBT and produce sulfate [5], A similar strain was later used to study the DBT desulfurization [99] in complex media using tryptone however, the authors reported that the strain was not active when grown on sucrose. It was apparently inhibited by DBT and also affected by the interface in oil-water mixtures [105],... 

A group of related siderophores comprises the desferri- or deferriferrioxamines (occasionally abbreviated as desferrioxamines) or proferrioxamines. Originally they were obtained from Actinomycetes, mainly Nocardia and Streptomyces spp. (187) and later found to be produced also by Erwinia spp. (several representatives) (e.g. (30a, 113,115,180)), Arthrobacter simplex (B), Chromobacterium violaceum (E) (246a), and by Pseudomonas stutzeri (several) (229a, 246,398). They consist of three (or in rare cases four) mono-N-hydroxy-l,4-diaminobutane (putrescine), mono-iV-hydroxy-l,5-diaminopentane (cadaverine) or (rarely) mono-N-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane units connected by succinic acid links. The hydroxylated terminus carries an acetyl or a succinyl (as in the structural formula heading Table 6)... 

Y. Agers0 and D. Sandvang, Class 1 integrons and tetracycline resistance genes in Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from pigsties and manured soil, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2005, 71, 7941-7947. 

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