Artemia embryos

Table 6.1. Major Classes of Osmolytes and Their Distribution among Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea. Elevated Concentrations of Osmolytes Due to Freeze-Avoidance ("Freezing") or Desiccation Stress (Artemia Embryos) Are Included...

Artemia embryos Insects—freezing Insects—salinity Marine elasmobranchs T eleosts—freezing Amphibia—freezing Mammals—kidney Mammals—brain... 

Hand, S.C., and J.F. Carpenter (1986). pH-induced metabolic transitions in Artemia embryos mediated by a novel hysteretic trehalase. Science 232 1535-1537. 

Hofmann, G.E. and S.C. Hand (1990). Arrest of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis coordinated with catabolic arrest in dormant Artemia embryos. Am. J. Physiol. (Integrative, Regulatory Comp. Physiol. 27) 258 R1184-1191. 

The umbrella-stage is the stage of an Artemia embryo after it has broken out of the cyst shell but before it is released from the cyst membrane that envelopes the nauplius. It is therefore slightly smaller than the nauplius and immobile. For fish larvae with a critically small mouth opening, it offers the opportunity to offer a smaller live feed particle. In Vietnam, it seems to be common practice in some cobia hatcheries and at least one study demonstrates the possibility to skip the use of rotifers by using umbrella-stage Artemia in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) larviculture (Van Can Nhu et al, 2010). 

Van Breukelen, F., R. Maier, and S.C. Hand (2000). Depression of nuclear transcription and extension of mRNA half-life under anoxia in Artemia fran-ciscana embryos. J. Exp. Biol. 203 1123-1130. Van der Lee, K.A., M.M. Vork, J.E. De Vries, P.H. Willemsen, J.F. Glatz, R.S. Reneman, G.J. Van der Vusse, and M. Van Bilsen (2000). Long-chain fatty acid-induced changes in gene expression in neonatal cardiac myocytes. J. Lipid Res. 41 41-47. 

Hand, S.C. (1993). pH and anabolic arrest during anoxia in Artemia franciscana embryos. In Surviving Hypoxia, pp. 171-185, ed. P.W. Hochachka, P.L. Lutz, T. Sick, M. Rosenthal, and G. van den Thillart. Boca Raton, Fla. CRC Press. 

Affinity chromatographic purification of a,o -trehalase from Artemia salina embryos... 

CLEGG J s, DRINKWATER L and SORGELOOS p (1996) The metabolic statns of diapause embryos oi Artemia franciscana (SFB). Physiological Zoology 69 49-66. 

The stimulation of the synthesis of poly (A) containing mRNA was obtained when the Artemia salina embryos development was stimulated. It was demonstrated that the proportion of mRNA containing poly (A) is increased in the nuclear RNA and in the soluble fraction of the cytoplasmic RNA (Christy and Jayaraman, 1975). At the same time the increasing of the RNA-polymerase activity was registered (Renart and Sebastian, 1976 D Alession and Bagshaw, 1977). 

Embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana are perhaps the quintessential example of an animal capable of acute metabolic arrest during... 

Figure 6. Heat dissipation under anoxia in sealed ampoules for Artemia franciscana embryos. Data are from experiments using 5 cm (dashed lines) and 25 cm (solid lines) ampoules [redrawn from 118]. Measurable heat flux is still present after 50-60 h.

Figure 7. Heat flux of Artemia franciscana embryos during normoxic incubations in various concentrations of NaCI solutions, which served to progressively dehydrate the embryos. For each run, the embryos were initially incubated for 4 h in 0.25 mol 1 NaCI and then switched to the indicated experimental solution. At approximately hours 20-25, embryos were returned to control conditions (0.25 mol 1 NaCI) and the recovery period monitored [redrawn from 121].

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