Arsenic symbol

Figure 46.1 Alchemistic symbols for arsenic and antimony (a) arsenic, symbolized as a venomous snake, and a deadly poison to handle (b) antimony, symbolized as a wolf, ready to devour other metals, forming alloys.

Fig. 33.1. Results of a batch experiment (symbols) by Blum et al. (1998) in which Bacillus arsenicoselenatis grows on lactate, using arsenate [As(V)] as an electron acceptor. Solid lines show results of integrating a kinetic rate model describing microbial respiration and growth.

Arsenic (As, [Ar]3 /l04.v24/r3), name and symbol from the Greek word apasvLK,ov and from the Persian word az-zarnikh (As2S3, yellow orpiment). Known since ancient times. 

Cobalt - the atomic number is 27 and the chemical symbol is Co. The name derives from the German kobold for evil spirits or goblins , who were superstitiously thought to cause trouble for miners, since the mineral contained arsenic which injured their health and the metallic ores did not yield metals when treated with the normal methods. The name could also be derived from the Greek kobalos for mine . Cobalt was discovered in 1735 by the Swedish chemist Georg Brandt. 

In the mid-1700s a number of scientists experimented with and attempted to isolate element 74 by treating ores of other metals with reagents. One problem was that tungsten was often confused with tin and arsenic. It was not until 1783 that Don Fausto de Elhuyar (1755-1833) and his brother Don Juan Jose de Elhuyar isolated a substance from tin ore that they called wolframite. They named it after the mineral in which it was found. At about the same time the Swedish named it tung sten, which means heavy stone in Swedish. This explains the potentially confusing use of W for the symbol for tungsten. 

Hoosier Ordnance Plant, Indiana Arsenal, Charleston, Ind symbol for "Mustard Gas-Agent TM (CWA) Human Resources Research Office hypervelocity armor-piercing, discarding sabot, fin stabilized (projectile)... 

Antimony has always held a special place in alchemy. Known from very ancient times, other names for antimony are Mestem, Asinat, Stimmi and Stibium from which we get our symbol for the element Sb. Antimony is considered a toxic metal, very similar to arsenic. The fascination with this material led to abuse and scams which caused the death of many who had heard of its healing virtues. This provoked Parliament in 1566 to forbid its use in medicine for about one hundred years. 

A typical Zintl phase is a compound like NaSi [12]. It is described by the formulation Na Si . The anion Si" has to be triply bonded, which is expressed by the symbol (3b) [13]. Si" is isoelectronic with phosphorus and arsenic (diagonal relationship) and it is, therefore, according to Klemm, a pseudo element of group 15. This means it should accomodate a structure which is typical for group 15 elements. In NaSi (3b)Sr anions form [SiJ " tetrahedra, like phosphorus and arsenic do in white phosphorus and yellow arsenic, respectively. In CaSi2, a comparable situation oecurs. According to the formulation Ca (Si )2, anions (3b)Si" are expected as well. 

Arsenic is a metallic element (symbol As atomic no. 33), which exists in several allotropic forms. Various ores contain crystalline forms of arsenic salts cobaltite contains cobalt arsenic sulfide mispickel (arsenopyrite) iron arsenic sulfide orpiment arsenic trisulfide proustite (ruby silver ore) silver arsenic sulfide realgar arsenic sulfide and tennantite copper arsenic sulfide. 

Cobalt is a metallic element (symbol Co atomic no. 27). It is an important constitnent of the cobalamins (vitamin B12) and is fonnd as arsenates and arsenides in natnrally occnrring minerals snch as erythrite, skntterndite, and smaltite. 

Copper is a reddish metallic element (symbol Cu atomic no. 29). Its symbol derives from the Latin word cuprum, because it was originally discovered in Cyprus. It is widely found as different salts in minerals such as atacamite (chloride) azurite and malachite (carbonates) bornite, chalco-cite, chalcopjrite, stannite, tennantite, and tetrahedrite (sulfides) chalcanthite (sulfate) dioptase (silicate) erinite and olivenite (arsenates) tenorite (oxide) torbernite (phosphate) and zorgite (selenide). Copper is an essential constituent of several enzymes. It is carried in the blood by a specific copper-binding protein, ceruloplasmin. 

Lead is a heavy soft bluish-gray metal (symbol Pb atomic no. 82) that is widespread as different salts in minerals such as chromite (oxide), crocoisite (chromate), Jamesonite and zinkenite (sulfides), mimetite (arsenate and chloride), pyromorphite (phosphate and chloride), and vanadinite (vanadate and chloride). 

Manganese is a hard but brittle grayish-white metallic element (symbol Mn atomic no. 25) that occurs in nature chiefly in the form of its oxides, but is also found as a sulfide (for example in alabandite), carbonate (ankerite, dialogite, and rhodochrosite), niobate and tantalate (columbite), sihcate (piedmontite, rhodonite, spessartite, and tephroite), arsenate (sjmadelphite), and tungstate (wolframite). 

Nickel is a white, magnetic, metallic element (symbol Ni atomic no. 28) that is found in various ores, including annabergite (arsenate), chloanthite (arsenide), garnierite (silicate), millerite, pentlandite, and pyrrhotite (sulfides), and zaratite (carbonate). 

The electron configuration for arsenic, As, is [Ar]3(f 4s Ap. How many valence electrons does an As atom have Write the symbol for the ion it forms to achieve a noble-gas configuration. 

Fig. 16. Plot of nuoleophilio reactivity to various substrates vs. nucleophilic reactivity towards p-nitrophenyl acetate. Rate units are in M-l min-i. Symbols As , arsenate GEE, glycine ethyl ester gly, glycine glygly, glyoylglycine Iro, imidazole Melm, N-methylimidazole M or morph, morpholine Pi , phosphate, Piv, pivalate Pic, 4-picoline Py, pyridine pip, piperidine. Data taken from Bender and Glasson, (1959) Bruice and Willis (1965) Bruice and Benkovic (1964) Bruice and Mayahi (1960) Jencks and Carriuolo (1969) Jencks and Carriuolo (1960b) Di Sabato and Jeneks (1961a) Wolfenden and Jencks (1961) Johnson et al. (1966) Kirsch and Jencks (1964a) Butler and Gold (1961a), Reforonces for p-nitrophenyl acetate are in Table 8.

Figure 7. Plan-view distribution of arsenic in acid-insoluble residues of borehole rock samples as a series of squares whose size is proportional to the concentration of As in the sample. The plot only shows sites at which arsenic was detected in concentrations ISOppm. Multiple values at individual sites are shown as concentric symbols. Note the concentration of elevated values in the southern Ozarks and Data is from Lee and Goldhaber (2001). Major tectonic zones are shown for reference - Lee (2000) identified correlations between the faults and fractures of these tectonic zones and enrichments in MVT-related metals such as Zn and Pb although these correlations are not evident from the arsenic plot. 

Figure 10. Distribution of zinc content (left panel) and arsenic content (right panel) in coals from the Illinois basin. Data sources are given in the text. The size of the symbol is proportional to the abundance of the element. The breakpoints for the element distributions were chosen using the default natural breaks algorithm in the computer program Arcview . Faults are shown as light lines. Note the concentration of zinc and arsenic associated with the intense faulting in the southern Illinois Basin, and the localization of zinc and arsenic in the northwestern portion of the basin.

Figure 15. Arsenic concentrations in coals of the Black Warrior basin, Alabama. Shaded areas show the extent of coalfields of Alabama. The proportionally sized symbols. show the content of arsenic in coal samples analyzed by the USGS. Some symbols that plot inside each other are from the same core or coal face. The break points for the symbol groups were calculated using the natural breaks algorithm in the computer program Arcview . Dashed lines are contours of vitrinite reflectance data from coals. We are presently evaluating whether the tack of correspondence of high arsenic content with high vitrinite reflectance values is an artifact due to low sample density or reflects an actual trend in the data.

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