Arsenic pentafluoride doping

K. D. Gourley, C. P. Lillya, J. R. Reynolds, and J. C. W. Chien. Electrically conducting polymers arsenic pentafluoride-doped poly(phenylene-vinylene) and its analogs. MflcroOTo/ecM/es, 17(5) 1025-1033, 1984. 

Arsenic Arsenic trifluoride doping agent, electroconductive polymers Arsenic pentafluoride doping agent, electronic components Phosphine... 

I. B. Goldberg, H. R. Crowe, P. R. Newman, A. J. Heeger, A. G. MacDiarmid, Electron spin resonance of polyacetylene and arsenic pentafluoride-doped polyacetylene, Journal of Chemical Physics 1979, 70, 1132. 

In 1981, the first conducting silicon polymer, arsenic pentafluoride-doped polysilane, was reported by West and co-workers [5]. In 1983, Marks et al. reported that... 

The report of the doping of polyacetylene (PAc) films to produce metallic levels of conductivity by Shirakawa et al. (1977) sparked the interest in electrically conductive polymers that has continued until today. While it was not the first example of a conductive polymer, the increase in conductivity, by a factor greater than 107, observed on exposing films of trans-PAc to arsenic pentafluoride and iodine, was dramatic, see Fig. 9.1. The impact of this result was immediate, and created an upsurge of interest in conjugated polymers and the possibility of rendering them conductive. 

When trans (CH)y film is partially oxidized (i.e. p-doped) by bromine, iodine, arsenic pentafluoride, etc. its conductivity increases by eight orders of magnitude and it is converted to an "organic metal having all the electronic properties of a conventional metal (1-3). Until recently it had been believed that all p-doped material was very unstable in the presence of water. When the present study was undertaken there were only two apparent exceptions to this water instability. 

Polyacetylene films were able to s mthesize on an internal surface of a reactor in an interval of temperatures from -78 up to -198°C at addition of acetylene to arsenic pentafluoride. Strips of absorption cis-polyacetylene are identified in the field of 740 cm and doped complexes in the field of 900 and 1,370 cm". ... 

As an example of RBS applied to a polymer system, figure 3.22 shows the spectrum obtained from a sample of the conjugated polymer poly(phenylene, vinylene) after exposure to arsenic pentafluoride vapour (Masse et al. 1990). This dopant diffuses into the polymer and reacts with it to form an electrically conducting complex and RBS is well suited to following the kinetics of the doping process by providing concentration-depth profiles of the elemental components of the dopant as a function of time. The peaks in the spectrum... 

Horhold and Rathe [248] reported that they have prepared poly(9-methylcarbazole-3,6-diyl-l,2dipenylvinylene). The polymer (M = 10,000) was formed by dehalogenating polycondensation of 3,6-bis(a,oc-dichlorobenzyl)-10,9-methylcarbazole with chromitm(II) acetate. This polymer was found to be also highly photoconductive. Its dark conductivity increases by doping it with arsenic pentafluoride [248]. 

While many applications for PPS involve its inherent electrical insulating behavior, it is a member of the family of organic polymers which can be rendered electrically conductive by "doping" with appropriate compounds such as arsenic pentafluoride. PPS is the only commercially available polymer which can be made conductive in this manner. Furthermore, it is the only melt processable resin in the group of such polymers. This behavior was initially described jointly by Chance, et al, at Allied and by Street, et al, at IBM at the 1980 Spring Meeting of the American Chemical Society31,32,33. More recently workers at GTE Laboratories have... 

Polysilane copolymers also become conducting when they are doped with oxidizing agents. Treatment of copolymer 3 with arsenic pentafluoride affords a conducting polymer as shown in Table 15.2 [5,7]. Interestingly, when the crosslinked copolymer prepared from irradiation of a linear polysilane 3 with x = 0.5 and y = 1.0 is doped with arsenic pentafluoride, the conductivity of the polymer increases slowly, but eventually reaches a level of 2 x 10 S cm [5]. 

Table 15.5 Conductivity of polymers 15-18, after doping with arsenic pentafluoride [23]...

This polymer has excellent environmental and thermal stability in their neutral and doped states [100, 101] exhibiting optical properties and conductivity values up to 600 S cm in the doped form [102]. Polythiophene presents poor solubility in most organic solvents, except in mixtures such of arsenic trifluoride/pentafluoride which limits its applications. However, it has been reported that the incorporation of a long flexible alkyl side chain on the 3-position of the thiophene ring produces a soluble polymer in common organic solvents without altering the chemical and physical properties of the polymer [103]. 

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