Aromatic safety aspects

Accident statistics formerly showed nitration as the most widespread and powerfully destructive industrial unit process operation (it has been overtaken by polymerisation). This is because nitric acid can, under certain conditions, effect complete and highly exothermal conversion of organic molecules to gases, the reactions often being capable of acceleration to deflagration or detonation. Case histories are described and safety aspects of continuous nitration processes are discussed in detail [1]. Of the 25 chapters of the book [2], each a paper presented at the symposium on Advances in Industrial and Laboratory Nitrations at Philadelphia in 1975, 3 deal with safety aspects of nitration Ch. 8, Hanson, C. etal., Side Reactions during Aromatic Nitration, Ch. 22, Biasutti, G. S.,... 

The synthesis of aromatic aldehydes comprised the use of high pressures and extremely toxic reagents that also required the exclusion of moisture, not only to benefit reaction yields, but also to minimize corrosion of experimental apparatus. Naturally, the safety aspects surrounding the laboratory set-up were of paramount importance and should receive attention prior to commencement of experimental work. 

In this chapter, the role of LC-MS in various aspects of food safety analysis is discnssed. LC-MS is important in the quantification and confirmation of identity of food contaminants, e.g., residues of pesticides and related substances in frait and vegetables (Ch. 7.7), antibiotic and antibacterial compounds, other veterinary dmgs, anabolic steroids, and various toxins in feed and food. In addition, attention is paid to the analysis of heterocychc aromatic amines in food. 

This monograph summarizes key aspects relevant to the safety evaluation of 12 flavouring agents that are additions to the aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides evaluated previously (see Table 1). The group contained one aliphatic amine six aliphatic amides, four of which contain ethanolamine and two of which contain ring structures and five aromatic amides, three of which contain oxalamide. 

---