Aromatic hydrocarbons surface tension

Such mobile behavior has also been noted for drops of squalane and isopropyl-1,9-diphenylnonane supported, respectively, on the adjacent faces of a polished metal disk and a glass cover slip 1 mm. above it. If the drop of squalane (surface tension 27.8 dynes per cm.) is centered on the disk and the drop of the aromatic hydrocarbon (surface tension 34.4 dynes per cm.) on the underside of the cover slip above it is displaced from... 

Kerosene is a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenes (cycloalkanes) and other organic compounds. Systemic absorption from the lungs or stomach can cause central nervous system depression. The oil has a low surface tension and low viscosity so that small quantities can spread over a large surface area. This can affect the lungs, and... 

Properties Water-white, stable liquid odorless bitter taste. Fp -40.5C, refr index 1.5002 (25C), surface tension 37.5 dynes/cm (20C), viscosity 31.3 centistokes (OC), vap press 14 mm Hg (163C), 30 mm Hg (182C), 734 mm Hg (295C), bp 298C, flash p325F (162.7C) (OC), wt/gal approximately 9.31 lb (20C), d 1.120 (25/25C). Miscible with alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons partly miscible with aliphatic solvents insoluble in water. Combustible. 

The predicted surface tensions of the remaining six polymers listed in Table 7.5 cannot be compared with experimental data due to the lack of such data. They do, however, follow trends which may be expected from basic physical considerations. They are predicted to increase with increasing fractions of (a) units of high cohesive energy density and (b) aromatic moieties in the hydrocarbon portions of the polymeric repeat units, and to decrease with increasing fraction of saturated aliphatic moieties. 

In view of the uncertainty regarding the effect of temperature on the benzene result and because the hydrocarbon surfaces of interest are paraffinic rather than aromatic, any estimate for the solid-liquid tension for solid-benzene pairs is less satisfactory than the n-decane value. Nevertheless, it is of interest to make such estimates for several other hydrocarbon liquids as well as for benzene. The increase in solid-liquid interfacial tension for aromatic compoxmds, which is indicated by the undercooling experiments, can at least be reflected in such estimates. Since both one-liquid and two-liquid adhesion tension data are available for isopropylbiphenyl, an estimate for this liquid is desirable. For comparison, and because one-liquid adhesion data exist, tert-butylnaphthalene has been chosen as another case for which an estimate of the solid-liquid interfacial tension has been made. 

Limitations Limited penetrating power (water emulsion) because of water surface tension may flash rust as a primer over bare steel not suitable for immersion service or strong chemical environments. Soluble in ketones, esters, aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons. 

Liquid-liquid interfacial tensions exist for immiscible liquid-liquid systems, e.g. water or glycols with hydrocarbons and water-alcohols. In most cases, the interfacial tension value is between the surface tensions of the two liquids involved, e.g. the value of 51 mN m reported for water-hexane is between the 18 and 72 mN m for hexane and water, respectively. The lower, compared to hexane-water, value for the interfacial tension of benzene-water (35 mN m ) is due to the higher solubility of benzene compared to hexane in water (Figure 3.9). This is due to the weak complexes formed between aromatics and water which exist because of the so-called r -electrons of the aromatic rings. For this reason, the benzene-water interface is much smaller than the hexane-water one and this is why water-benzene has a much lower interfacial tension than the more insoluble water-hexane. 

F. Biscay, A. Ghoufi, V. Lachet, and P. Malfreyt, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11,6132 (2009). Calculation of the Surface Tension of Cyclic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Monte Carlo Simulations Using an Anisotropic United Atom Model. 

The effect of surfactants on surface tension is much smaller in solvents than in water. Surfactants can lower the surface tension of water by more than 50 mN/m, to below one-quarter of its original value. In aromatic hydrocarbons, only a few fluorinated surfactants can decrease the surface tension to half of the initial value. The surface tension depression is smaller, mainly for two reasons. First, the initial surface tension of solvents, 19-30 mN/m for hydrocarbons, is lower to start. Second, surfactants are not as effective in organic media as in water because ad-... 

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