Aromatic and Olefinic Hydrocarbons

Schlosser M, Hartmann J (1973) Angew. Chemie 85 544 (1973) Int Ed (Engl) 12 508 and subsequent papers by Schlosser et al. see also the review on superbases Schlosser M (1988) Pure and Applied Chem 60 1627 

Brandsma L, Verkruijsse HD, Schade C, von R Schleyer P (1986) J Chem Soc, Chem Comm 260 

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Heinze modified the technique by purifying the solvent by transferring it under high vacuum from the electrochemical cell to superactive alumina in a separate vessel [27, 28]. Such sophisticated methods made it possible to generate reversible polyanions up to octaanions of aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons [27, 28, 30-33]. 

Tab. 1 Redox potentials (in volt) for the reduction of aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons...

Of the solvents, aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons are r-donors ( r-EPD) alcohols, ethers, amines, carboxamides, nitriles, ketones, sulfoxides and N- and P-oxides are n-donors (n-EPD), and haloalkanes are cr-donors (cr-EPD). Boron and antimony triha-lides are acceptor solvents (r-EPA), as are halogens and mixed halogens (c-EPA), and liquid sulfur dioxide (ti-EPA). In principle, all solvents are amphoteric in this respect, i.e. they may act as a donor (nucleophile) and an acceptor (electrophile) simultaneously. For example, water can act as a donor (by means of the oxygen atom) as well as as an acceptor (by forming hydrogen bonds). This is one of the reasons for the exceptional importance of water as a solvent. 

Table 1 Redox Potentials E for the Reduction of Aromatic and Olefinic Hydrocarbons...

The precursors for coke formation are mainly aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons, which are either contained in the starting materials or are formed as intermediate products in the process. 

Grauboski and Daubert [50] examined the application of the above equations to a range of naphthenic, aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons with carbon numbers up to 10 and also to paraffinic hydrocarbons with carbon numbers up to 20- They suggested a slightly modified expression for m... 

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