Aristolochia clematitis

N.A. Aristolochia clematitis L. A. serpentaria L. Aristolochic acids, volatile oil, tannins.99 Treat wounds, sores, snakebite, taken after childbirth to prevent infection, heal ulcers, treat asthma and bronchitis. 

Citrullus vulgaris, Lemna minor, Phaseolus vulgaris, Raphanus sativus Asarum canadense, Aristolochia clematitis, A. serpentaria Artemisia annua Morns alba... 

Adonis spp. (Ranunculaceae) cccc 52,804 87 Annona cherimolia (Annonaceae) jnp 48,151 85 Ayuilegia spp. (Ranunculaceae) cccc 52, 804 87 Aristolochia clematitis (Aristolochiaceae) cccc 52,804 87 Caltha palustris (Ranunculaceae) cccc 52, 804 87 Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae) pm 60, 380 94 Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae) fit 63, 282 92 Clematis recta (Ranunculaceae) cccc 52, 804 87 Consolida regalis (Ranunculaceae) cccc 52, 804 87 Corydalis dasyptera (Papaveraceae) tcyyk 9,37 97 Corydalis gortschakovii (Papaveraceae) cnc 13,702 77 Corydalis nobilis (Papaveraceae) cccc 54,2009 89... 

Aristolochic acid and its salts, originated from a weed, Aristolochia clematitis, have toxic and carcinogenic effects to the kidneys and urothelium [45], respectively. Ivic [46] postulated that this plant may be a cause of Balkan nephropathy, but failed to provide convincing evidence from field surveys. Evidence that A. clematitis played a central role in the etiology of Chinese herb nephropathy [47-49], a condition similar to Balkan nephropathy, initiated a second look at this previously abandoned hypothesis and it gained a lot of weight by recent data on the association between DNA adduct formation derived from AA, mutation pattern and tumour development in BEN [50] (see also chapter 33). 

Among biological agents and their products, the candidates for etiological agents are mycotoxins and, much more probably, toxic plants, notably Aristolochia clematitis. The possible role of viruses is very unlikely, indeed. 

A [75], Aristolochia clematitis [46], and recently with Chinese herbs [47, 49]. 

A. I, isolated for the first time in 1851 from the roots of birthwort Aristolochia clematitis), is widely distributed in the Aristolochiaceae and also occurs together with other nitrophenanthrenecarboxylic acids such as A. C in the Chinese drug Fang-chi Asarum canadense). Also widely distributed are A. D and A. IV. Aristoloside is the /9-D-glucoside of A. D and is isolated from Aristolochia manshuriensis. 

Aristolochia clematitis Aristolochia clematitis extract Aristolochia extract. See Serpentaria (Aristolochia clematitis) extract Aristolochia serpentaria. See Serpentaria (Aristolochia serpentaria)... 

Serpentaria (Aristolochia clematitis) extract Spearmint (Mentha spicata) Spearmint (Mentha viridis) oil Spruce oil Star anise (lllicium verum)... 

Aristolochia clematitis has been used to treat snakebites and wound infections. One of the major alkaloids of this plant is aristolochic acid (46). The plant extract is not directly antimicrobial, but it produces an enhancement of phagocytosis of leucocytes and peritoneal microphages. Aristolochic acid is suspected to be carcinogenic (Pezzuto et al., 1988 Wagner and Proksch, 1985) and has been reported to have antitumor activity. The LD50 i.v. of aristolochic acid (46) in mouse is 38-70 mg/kg (Wink, 1993). 

Aristolochic acid (3,4-methylendioxy-8-methoxy-10-nitrophenanthren carboxylic acid) Aristolochia clematitis... 

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