Aquifer and soil remediation design

Integrating Site Characterization with Aquifer and Soil Remediation Design... 

The third section of this monograph also covers some other representative recent research to develop new remediation options. When an aquifer or soil is contaminated, careful site characterization must be integrated with the remediation design to clean the site. This is the topic of Chapter 22 by Reeves and coworkers. Chemical reductions are the topic of Chapter 23 by Farrell al and Chapter 25 by Pittman et al. Passing water from a contaminated plume over a bed of finely divided iron to remediate contamination from chlorinated organics has recently attracted significant attention. A consideration of the mechanisms controlling process is provided by Farrell. 

Thus, although pump-and-treat technologies allow, in principle, the effective remediation of NAPL-contaminated aquifers, particularly as far as NAPL lenses are concerned, they appear to be infeasible economically in large-scale remediation operations, and not effective in the removal of entrapped NAPL residual saturation [5,8,11,13]. The latter is strongly held by the capillary forces of the soil/porous matrix, causing the former to become virtually immobile. Its desorption-mobilization from the soil matrix into the aqueous phase requires, therefore, a special attention on designing an effective remediation process. 

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