Aqueous solution NaCI

Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (790 mg, 2.01 mmol) and 1-chlorocarbonyl-4-piperidinopiperidine (910 mg, 3.95 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (50 ml), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 20°C. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, the residue was dissolved in CHCI3 (200 ml). The solution was washed successively with a 7% aqueous solution of NaHC03 (200 ml), a saturated aqueous solution NaCI, and the CHCI3 layer was filtered, and evaporated in vacuo. The residual material was decolorized by passing it through a short silica gel column. 7-Ethyl-10-[4-(l-piperidino)-l-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin was obtained as a pale yellow mass, which was recrystallized from ethanol (ca. 60 ml) to give colorless needles (750 mg, 63.5% in yield). 

In an aqueous solution, NaCI disassociates into Na"" and Cr ions NaCI Na" + Cl ... 

For example, in the case of dilute solutions, the van t Hoff s equation may be used to piedict the osmotic pressure (jr = CRT) where n is the osmotic pressure of the solution, C is the molar concentration of the solute, ft is the universal gas constant and T is the absolute temperature, Fm dissociating solutes, the concentration is that of the total ions. For example, NaCI dissociates in water into two ions Na" " and Cl . Therefore, the total molar concentration of ions is hvice the molar concentration of NaCI. A useful rule of thumb for predicting osmotic pressure of aqueous solutions is 0,01 psi/ppm of solute (Weber, 1972). 

X 0.75 cm) Ve i = 28 ml = 50 ml eluent 0.05 M NaCI flow rate 0.80 ml/min detection Optilab 903 interferometric differential refractometer applied sample mass/volume 200 /tl of 2-mg/ml aqueous solutions sum of individual chromatograms (theory —) and (theory/experimental) ratio (—) plotted for quantification of deviations in separation performance between narrow distributed samples and broad distributed samples. 

Figure 13.7 (a) The self-spreading distance and (b) velocity of egg-PC lipid bilayer in NaCI aqueous solutions with different concentrations, (x) 100mM, (0) 10mM, and ( ) 1 mM. Adapted from Ref [53] with permission. 

Park has also obtained osmotic coefficient data for the aqueous solutions of NaOH-NaCl- NaAl(OH)4 at 25°C employing the isopiestic method (Park and Englezos, 1999 Park, 1999). The solutions were prepared by dissolving AlCl r6H20 in aqueous NaOH solutions. The osmotic coefficient data were then used to evaluate the unknown Pitzer s binary and mixing parameters for the NaOH-NaCI-NaAl(OH)4-H20 system. The binary Pitzer s parameters, [3(0), P0). and C9, for NaAI(OH)4 were found to be -0.0083, 0.0710, and 0.00184 respectively. These binary parameters were obtained from the data on the ternary system because it was not possible to prepare a single (NaAl(OH)4) solution. 

Figure 7 Adsorption (g/g) dependence of nonionic and ionic cellulose ethers (2500 ppm) on salinity (N, NaCI) of aqueous solution.Substrate peptized sodium montmorillonite. W-SP symbols given in Figure 3.

Figure 7 Regeneration of ODA-clinoptilolite columns loaded with chromate by means of 2% NaCI and 2% Na2S04 aqueous solutions and breakthrough curves for ODA- clinoptilolite in 0.5 mM/L chromate solution by 30 BV/hr and 15 BV/hr in downflow mode (from the left)...

Alfassi, Z. B S. Padmaja, P. Neta, and R. E. Huie, Rate Constants for Reactions of NO, Radicals with Organic Compounds in Water and Acetonitrile, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 3780-3782 (1993). Allen, H. C., J. M. Laux, R. Vogt, B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, and J. C. Hemminger, Water-Induced Reorganization of Ultrathin Nitrate Films on NaCI—Implications for the Tropospheric Chemistry of Sea Salt Particles, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 6371-6375 (1996). Allen, H. C., D. E. Gragson, and G. L. Richmond, Molecular Structure and Adsorption of Dimethyl Sulfoxide at the Surface of Aqueous Solutions, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 660-666 (1999). Anthony, S. E R. T. Tisdale, R. S. Disselkamp, and M. A. Tolbert, FTIR Studies of Low Temperature Sulfuric Acid Aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1105-1108 (1995). 

If the aqueous solution of NaCI is electrolysed, the oxidation and reduction of water can also occur. 

Fig. 25a-d. Swelling curves in aqueous solution with various molalities (mol/kg) of sodium halides, (a) NaF, (b) NaCI, (c) NaBr. and (d) Nal... 

A photocurrent was observed across the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions consisting of an NaCI aqueous solution and a 1,2-dichlor-oethane solution of tetrabutylammonium tetraphenyl borate, when the organic... 

A 0.5-ml portion of an internal solution (5 mg of bibenzyl/ml benzene) is added to the combined reaction solution and washings in the 80-ml beaker and filtered through a glass filter paper which subsequently is washed several times with ethyl ether. The combined filtrate and washings from this operation are transferred to a separatory funnel and a NaCI-saturated aqueous solution is added to deactivate the boron trifluoride. The funnel is shaken vigorously and the ether layer is removed and concentrated to about 10 ml by film evaporation. The concentrate is transferred to a glass vial fitted with a Teflon-lined cap and dried overnight over anhydrous sodium sulfate. 

Fig. 3.27. Thickness of foam films from aqueous solution of CTAB containing 5-10-4 mol dm-3 NaCI ...

Fig. 348. Osmotic coefficients for the primitive model electrolyte compared with the experimental results for NaCI in aqueous solutions at 298 K. The a. parameters in the HNC and DHLL + Bg, approximations have been chosen to fit the data below 0.05 mol dm . I is the ionic strength. (Reprinted from J. C. Rasaiah, J. Chem. Phys. 52 704, 1970.)...

Fig. 4.66. Apparent charge of all li halides as a function of concentration. Aqueous solutions of NaF (I), NaCI (2), and KCI (3) at 25 °C. Broken lines limiting law of Debye and Huckel. (Reprinted from P. Turq, J. Barthel, and M. Chemla, in Transport Relaxation and Kinetic Processes in Electrolyte Solutions, Springer-Verlag, Beriin, 1992.)...

Add an aqueous solution of NaCI to the solution containing the Ag, Ba2+, and Fe3+ ions. Solid AgCI will form and can be removed, leaving Ba2+ and Fe3+ ions in solution. 

AlO.Owi aqueous solution of sodium chloride is fed to an evaporative crystallizer operated under a partial vacuum. Evaporation of water concentrates the remaining solution beyond its saturation point at the crystallizer temperature and causes crystallization of NaCI. The crystallizer product is a slurry of solute crystals suspended in a saturated solution at 80°C The unit is to produce 1000 kg NaCI(s)/h. The solubility of NaCl in water is given by Figure 6.5-1. 

The best-known window materials for liquid cells are listed below with the spectra accessibility range (in cm ) given in parenthesis (1) NaCI (40000-590), (2) KBr (40000-340), (3) Csl (40000-200), (4) polyethylene (625-50), (5) ZnS, Irtran-2 (17000-835), (6) ZnSe (20000-600), (7) Ge (5500-600), (8) Si (8300-660), and (9) sapphire (50000-1780). Materials (l)-(3) are not suitable for aqueous solutions because of their high hygroscopicity. ZnS and ZnSe are suitable for use with acidic and alkaline solutions. The path length spacers are made of lead and are available with 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0mm path lengths. Permanent cells have an amalgamated lead spacer between the... 

An aqueous solution of NaCI has a mole fraction of 0.21. What is the mass of NaCI dissolved in 100.0 ml of solution ... 

FIGURE 22.20 Apparatus for measuring the conductivity of an aqueous solution of NaCI. 

Nevskaia, D.M., Guerrero-Ruiz, A., and Lopez-Gonzalez, LD., Adsorption of polyoxyethylenic nonionic and anionic surfactants from aqueous solution Effects induced by the addition of NaCI and CaCL, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 205, 97, 1998. 

Figure 6.8 Transport rates of copper and cadmium to the strip phases and Cu-Cd selectivities. Initial feed concentration 0.1 mol/kg CuCl2 + 0.1 mol/kg CdCl2. (A) Carrier cation exchanger, 0.5 mol/kg PVSNa aqueous solution membrane Tokayama Soda cation-exchange CMS strip 2.0 mol/kg NaCI. (B) Carrier anion-exchanger, 0.5 mol/kg BPEI aqueous solution membrane Tokayama Soda anion-exchange AM-3 strip 2.0 mol/kg HNO3. From Ref. [5] with permission.

Figure 11.3 Phase diagrams for the system water/NaCI-n-propane/C02-Lutensol XL70 measured at a 1 1 water-to-oil volume fraction ( = 0.50), an electrolyte content of 5 wt.% in the aqueous solution (e = 0.05), and at p = 220 bar as a function of the temperature T and the surfactant mass fraction y [21 ]. The fraction of CO2 in the mixture is given by (3.

We are all familiar with sodium chloride as table salt. It is a typical ionic compound, a brittle solid with a high melting point (801 °C) that conducts electricity in the molten state and in aqueous solution. The structure of solid NaCI is shown in Figure 2.12. 

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