Aqueous pollutants

Advanced composites and fiber-reinforced materials are used in sailcloth, speedboat, and other types of boat components, and leisure and commercial fishing gear. A ram id and polyethylene fibers are currentiy used in conveyer belts to collect valuable offshore minerals such as cobalt, uranium, and manganese. Constmction of oil-adsorbing fences made of high performance fabrics is being evaluated in Japan as well as the constmction of other pollution control textile materials for maritime use. For most marine uses, the textile materials must be resistant to biodeterioration and to a variety of aqueous pollutants and environmental conditions. 

Both kinetic and equilibrium experimental methods are used to characterize and compare adsorption of aqueous pollutants in active carbons. In the simplest kinetic method, the uptake of a pollutant from a static, isothermal solution is measured as a function of time. This approach may also yield equilibrium adsorption data, i.e., amounts adsorbed for different solution concentrations in the limit t —> qo. A more practical kinetic method is a continuous flow reactor, as illustrated in Fig. 5. 

There are two primary sources for aqueous pollution in this process—the condensate streams R] (1,000 kg/hr) and R2 (69,300 kg/hr). Both streams have the same supply composition, which corresponds to the solubility of benzene in water which is 1770 ppm (1.77 X10 kg bcnzcne/kg water). Consequently, they may be combined as a single stream. The target composition is 57 ppb as dictated by the VOC environmental regulations called NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System). 

In the above categories, there are seven major types of aqueous pollutants that must be pretreated and removed515 ... 

Seymore JD, Gupta RB (1997) Oxidation of aqueous pollutants using ultrasound- Salt induced enhancement Ind Eng Chem Res 36 3453-3457... 

Herrmann, J.M. (1999) Heterogeneous photocatalysis fundamentals and applications to the removal of various types of aqueous pollutants. Catalysis Today, 53 (1), 115-129. 

Photobleach mechanism, 19 203 Photobleach reversal grains, 19 201 Photocatalysis, 19 73-106. See also Photocatalysts Photoreactors aqueous pollutants eliminated and mineralized by, 19 89t catalyst modifications in, 19 94-95 catalysts in, 19 75-76 challenges in, 19 101-102 fate of photo-holes in titania, 19 82-85 in fine chemistry applications, 19 102 influence of oxygen pressure in, 19 82 ion doping in, 19 94-95 mass of catalyst in, 19 77-78 noble metal deposit in, 19 94 parameters governing kinetics in, 19 77-82... 

Galin T, McDowell C, Yaron B. 1990b. The effect of volatilization on the mass flow of a non-aqueous pollutant liquid mixture in an inert porous medium Experiments with kerosene. J Soil Sci 41(4) 631-641. 

Rav-AchaC. 1998. Transformation of aqueous pollutants by chlorine dioxide Reaction, mechanisms and products. In Handbook of environmental chemistry. Vol. 5, 143-175. 

Water Purification—Degradation of Aqueous Pollutant and Application to Water Treatment... 

Workshop materials Microcystins and other aqueous pollutants , 12-13.05.2004, Tresta, Poland. 

Table 2 presents representative enhancements in observed degradation rates for several aqueous pollutants upon the addition of CMCD. As can be... 

TiOa films deposited on various kinds of supports have been proposed for the removal of aqueous pollutants, i.e. for water purification. 

M. Herrmann, Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Fundamentals and Applications to the Removal of Various Types of Aqueous Pollutants, Catal. Today, 53,115-129 (1999). 

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