Aqueous phase reforming process

Sugars to hydrocarbon fuels aqueous phase reforming process... 

Davda, R. R. Shabaker, J. W. Huber, G. W. Cortright, R. D. Dumesic, J. A., A review of catalytic issues and process conditions for renewable hydrogen and alkanes by aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons over supported metal catalysts. Applied Catalysis B 2005,56,171. 

An alternative approach for the utilization of biomass resources for energy applications is the production of dean-buming liquid fuels. In this respect, current technologies to produce liquid fuels from biomass are typically multi-step and energy-intensive processes. Aqueous phase reforming of sorbitol can be tailored to produce selectively a clean stream of heavier alkanes consisting primarily of butane, pentane and hexane. The conversion of sorbitol to alkanes plus CO2 and water is an exothermic process that retains approximately 95% of the heating value and only 30% of the mass of the biomass-derived reactant [278]. 

A possibly more sophisticated method for utilizing biomass to produce synthesis gas is by aqueous phase reforming (APR), a processing method that was developed for carbohydrates and other more readily accessible biomass oxygenates by Dumesic et Valenzuela et al. however,... 

APR [Aqueous-Phase Reforming] A process for making hydrogen or lower alkanes from carbohydrates, biomass, or glycerol from biodiesel production. The catalyzed process operates at a relatively low temperature (180 to 260°C). Developed from 2001 at the University of Wisconsin and later by Virent Energy Systems, which operated a demonstration plant from 2006. 

The conversion of biomass to automotive fuels has perhaps received the most attention of any chemical biomass conversion process. One of the most visible technologies under this classification is the aqueous phase reforming (APR) process [35], in which the oxygen content of carbohydrate feedstocks is reduced with in-situ... 

The direct conversion of woody biomass [63] or cellulose [64] via aqueous-phase reforming using a Pt/Al Oj catalyst results in the formation of In this process, the biomass is mixed with Pt(0.5 wt and water and is subsequently hydro-... 

Notable advances have been made in hydrogen production from biomass, but the process is stiU in the initial stages of development [120-122]. A catalyzed process under mild conditions is aqueous-phase reforming (APR), first proposed by Dumesic s group [123]. This process features some advantages no energy for water vaporization is needed, bioproducts that cannot be vaporized could still be used, wet or water-soluble feedstocks can be used without a dehydration step, and the process is operated at relatively low temperatures (around 500 K) where the WGS reaction occurs, leading to low CO concentrations. 

APR [Aqueous Phase Reforming] A general name for aqueous processes that convert starches, sugars, and lignocellulosic biomass into hydrogen and hydrocarbons. Developed by R.D. Cortright and J.A. Dumesic at... 

Davda, R., Shabaker, W., Huber, W., Cortright, D. Dumesic, A. (2005). A Review of Catalytic Issues and Process Conditions for Renewable Hydrogen and Alkanes by Aqueous-phase Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons over Supported Metal Catalysts. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, Vol. 56, No. 1-2, (March 2005), pp. 171-186, ISSN 09263373... 

Various protocols describe aqueous-phase processes with heterogeneous catalysts such as the reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons over Sn-modified Ni catalysts [22a], the epoxidation of aUcenes over zeolites [22b], etc. [22c-i,l,m]. 

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