Applied fibers

These dyes are not very commercially important, and the dyeing mechanism has been described in detail elsewhere (15,25). The difficulty in applying fiber-reactive dyes to wool is the result of the same reactions already described. They are negatively charged and the wool is positively charged so ionic attraction exists. The fiber-reactive dyes are essentiaUy acid leveling or milling dyes and so this attraction can be controUed by pH. Once the dye is fixed no... 

Levels of extractables in the unwashed, washed with finish, and washed without finish stocks were determined. Finish level as determined by ethyl alcohol extraction was 0.7%. Washing did not reduce wax content but did significantly reduce ethyl-alcohol and boiling-water extractables (Table IV). Dust level generated in carding was reduced about 50% by the washing treatment and was about the same whether or not the finish has been applied. Fiber properties were not affected by the washing treatments. (Table V). 

Fig. 3.7. Schematic presentation of the applied fiber stress versus displacement (

Partial debond stress, is the applied fiber stress during the progressive debonding process that may be written as a function of the debond length, f, and the crack tip debond stress, <7f, from Eq. (4.89)... 

Algie, J.E. "D.C. Conduction in Keratin and Cellulose", Applied Fiber Science, Vol. 2, Chap. 5, edited by F. Happey, Academic Press, London 1979. 

Happey, F. Applied Fiber Science, Academic Press, London, 1979. 

The fiber tension is very important as this controls the resin pick-up, normally 35-40% volume fraction. Tensions are about lN/1000 filaments for wet winding and 3N/1000 filaments for other types of winding. If the tension is too high, the fiber does not spread and is damaged by abrasion in the guide and if too low, produces waviness in the applied fiber. The type of fiber size and size content must be carefully chosen to help achieve good resin wet out. The principal matrix materials are epoxy, polyester and vinylester resins, but thermoplastic prepregs such as PEEK can also be applied. 

The sensor is integrated into a material. Fibers with intrinsic sensing areas can be intimately embedded into polymeric complex materials (e. g. composites) as well as into mineral or low-melting materials. The same two cases as above can be distinguished. However, the quahty of mea-surand transfer into the sensor is more difficult to evaluate because there is no possibility for visual inspection. It should be emphasised that the characteristic curve of an applied fiber sensor can strongly differ from the sensor characteristic when not apphed. 

Applied Fiber Science, R Happey, Ed., Vol 1, Academic Press, New York, 1978. 

Uses Emulsifier, antistat, lubricant, solubilizer for textile applies., fibers, metals, cosmetics, agric. formulations Regulatory FDA, EPA compliance... 

Uses Textile softener for laundry prod, applies. fiber antlstat, esp. on synthetics textile fber lubricant emulsifier, coupling agent to enhance disperslon/emulslon stability solubilizer for fragrances and other additives Features Mod. slick/dry hand and exc. re-wet props. stable under elevated pH conditions reduced Irritation of quat. VOC-free Properties Amber hazy llq. vise. 2280 cps flash pt. (PMCC) > 200 F pH 4.99 (5% IPA water)... 

B n parameter can be related with the velocity. Non significant differences were observed on this parameter when quince fractions were characterized and values obtained suggest that the three fractions absorbed part of the water almost instantaneously. In a previous work, de Escalada Pla et al. (2007) observed that B parameter of butternut fiber depended more on fiber origin than on the treatment applied fiber from butternut peel presented a value two orders greater than the one observed for butternut mesocarp fiber at the same time, mesocarp fiber presented similar values to the ones herein obtained for quince products. 

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