Applications optical modulator

Application optical modulator, polarizing device, electro-optical shutter... 

For data transfer applications the modulation speed of an emitter is a decisive parameter. Here the long lifetime of the excited state in PS becomes problematic. The fall time of the EL is usually in the ps regime, while somewhat shorter values are reported for the rise time. Only for devices based on OPS has a significantly shorter fall time (0.03 ps) been reported [WalO]. For small signal modulations of the EL from PS, frequencies in the order of 1 MHz are reported Ts4, Co5]. Such modulation frequencies are sufficient for display applications. For data transfer via optical interconnects, however, they are much too low. 

Electro-optic modulation (Pockels effect) using a poled polymer is shown schematically in Figure 5.33, where an optical signal confined in a wave-guide is modulated by the application of an external voltage, known as a Mach-Zender Interferometer. 

Figure 4.17 Demonstration of the limited linear part of electro-optical modulators. In digital optocommunication applications, the full modulation depth (on/off) is used...

Microstructures and systems are typically fabricated from rigid materials, such as crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, glass, quartz, metals and organic polymers. Elastomeric materials can be used in applications where rigidity is a drawback. We have demonstrated the concepts of elastomeric systems by fabrication of photothermal detectors, optical modulators and light valves. We believe that elastomeric materials will find additional applications in the areas of optical systems, micro analytical systems, biomaterials and biosensors. 

Shi Y, Lin W, Olson DJ, Bechtel JH, Wang W (1999) Microstrip line-slot ground electrode for high-speed optical push-pull polymer modulators. In Organic thin films for photonic applications. Optical Society of America, Washington DC, p 20... 

Kajzar F, ChoUet PA (1997) Poled polymers and their application in second harmonic generation and electro-optic modulation devices. In Miyata S, Sasabe H (eds) Poledpol-ymers and their application to SHG and EO devices. Gordon 8c Breach, Amsterdam, p 1... 

Dalton LR, Harper AW (1996) Photoactive organic materials for electro-optic modulator and high density optical memory applications. In Kajzar E, Agranovich VM, Lee CYC (eds) Photoactive organic materials science and application. NATO ASI Series, vol 9, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, p 183... 

Kikuchi and coworkers found the rapid electro-optical effect in polymer-stabilized blue phases and presented the major potential of such phases in application to display devices and optical modulation devices [45,46]. Tra-... 

Liquid crystalline polymers can be applied in the electro-optic modulator. Materials for such an application must be able to vary their refractive index according to the electric (optical) field, i.e.,... 

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