Applications of liquid membrane

Improved ISEs. In 1980, Ammann et al.154 reported on clinical and biological applications of liquid membrane electrodes based on an ion-selective component and a suitable plasticizer in a PVC matrix for the determination of Na +, K, Ca2, Cl and H + in blood serum or whole blood and Na+ and K4 in urine. They gave extensive information on membrane compositions and selectivity... 

Applications of Liquid Membranes in the Analysis of Selected Samples... 

Zhang XJ, Liu J, Fan Q, Lian Q, Zhang X, and Lu T. Industrial application of liquid membrane separation for phenolic wastewater treatment. In Li NN, Strathmann H, eds. Separation Technology, New York United Engineering Trustees, 1988 190-203. 

Schuegerl, K., Mohrmann, A., Gutknecht, W., and Hauertmann, H., Application of liquid membrane emulsion for recovery of metals from mining waste waters and zinc liquors. Desalination, 1985, 53 197-215. 

Apparently, the first who studied the application of liquid membranes with facilitated transport properties for gas separation were Ward and Robb in 1967 [27]. A highly porous cellulose acetate film was soaked with cesium bicarbonate solution, the liquid was kept in the membrane pores by capillary forces. A high selective permeation of CO2 from an O2-CO2 feed mixture was due to its facilitated transport in the bicarbonate solution. 

The application of mercury is widespread in agriculture, for example, as insecticide in seed treatment, and different types of industry [60]. A promising method for the removal and preconcentration of mercury from wastewater has been the application of liquid membranes containing calixarenes as carriers [61]. A three-phase system for the extraction of Hg from industrial wastewater has been reviewed by Ersoz [62]. Models and implication of theoretical conclusions are presented. 

T. P., Construction and analytical applications of liquid-membranes electrodes for atropine and novatropine. Anal. Chim. Acta 128, 239-244 (1981). 

The tutorial section of this chapter also discusses typical experimental techniques and a survey of theoretical approaches. The authors papers enconpass the entire breadth of the technology and are presented with the intention of furthering research and industrial applications of liquid membranes. 

Commercial eind laboratory applications of liquid membrane technology are discussed including gas transport, sensor development, metal ion recovery, waste treatment, biotechnology and biomedical engineering. Immobilized liquid membranes, emulsion or liquid surfactant membranes, and membrane reactors are discussed. Economic data from the literature for liquid membrane processes are presented and compared with existing processes such as solvent extraction and cryogenic distillation of air. 

Applications of liquid membrane technology, 110-122 Aqueous liquid membranes, preparation, 141,142/... 

Kozlowski, C. A. and Walkowiak, W. 2005. Applicability of liquid membranes in chromium(VI) transport with amines as ion carriers. Journal of Membrane Science 266 143-150. 

However, in spite of the known advantages and applications of liquid membrane separation processes in hollow-fiber contactors, there are scarce examples of industrial application. The industrial application of a new technology requires a reliable mathematical model and parameters that serve for design, cost estimation, and optimization purposes allowing to accurate process scale-up. " The mathematical modeling of liquid membrane separation processes in HFC is divided into two steps (1) the description of the diffusive mass transport rate and (2) the development of the solute mass balances to the flowing phases. 

Various aspects of metal extraction (including the application of liquid membranes which turn out to be a form of facilatated transport") are discussed by Sawistowski (44) in this book therefore the discussion is limited to certain chemical and descriptive aspects which are however not only of crucial interest,... 

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