Applications in Bioinorganic Chemistry

The Mossbauer effect as a spectroscopic method probes transitions within an atom s nucleus and therefore requires a nucleus with low-lying excited states. The effect has been observed for 43 elements. For applications in bioinorganic chemistry, the 57Fe nucleus has the greatest relevance and the focus will be exclusively on this nucleus here. Mossbauer spectroscopy requires (a) the emission of y rays from... 

Mossbauer spectroscopy The Mossbauer effect is resonance absorption of 7 radiation of a precisely defined energy, by specific nuclei. It is the basis of a form of spectroscopy used for studying coordinated metal ions. The principal application in bioinorganic chemistry is Fe. The source for the 7 rays is Co, and the frequency is shifted by the Doppler effect, moving it at defined velocities (in mm/s) relative to the sample. The parameters derived from the Mossbauer spectrum (isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, and the hyperfine coupling) provide information about the oxidation, spin and coordination state of the iron. 

V" ] Ei-Ichiro Ochiai, "Toxicity of Heavy Metals and Biological Defense Principles and Applications in Bioinorganic Chemistry, Part VII," J. Chem. Educ., Vol. 72, 1995,479-484. 

R. S. Czemuszewicz and T. G. Spiro, IR, Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in eds. E. I. Solomon and A. B. P. Lever, Inorganic Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy , John Wiley Sons, New York, 1999, Vol. I, Methodology. A detailed compilation of the principles of IR, Raman, and resonance Raman spectroscopies and their applications in bioinorganic chemistry. 

J.A. McCleverty and T.J. Meyer, eds (2004) Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II, Elsevier, Oxford - Volume 2 contains three articles covering Raman, FT-Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopies including applications in bioinorganic chemistry. 

May, P.M., 1980, Computer Applications in Bioinorganic Chemistry (University of St. Andrews). 

Nagy, L. Theoretical Background ofEXAFS and XANES Spectroscopies. Application in Inorganic and in Bioinorganic Chemistry. Novel Results in Chemistry, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1999 p. 63. 

This article presents the principles known so far for the synthesis of metal complexes containing stable carbenes, including the preparation of the relevant carbene precursors. The use of some of these compounds in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions is discussed mainly for ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis and palladium-Znickel-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl halides, but other reactions will be touched upon as well. Chapters about the properties of metal- carbene complexes, their applications in materials science and medicinal chemistry, and their role in bioinorganic chemistry round the survey off. The focus of this review is on ZV-heterocyclic carbenes, in the following abbreviated as NHC and NHCs, respectively. 

Nakamoto, K., Infrared and Raman spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds, 5th Ed., Part A Theory and Applications in Inorganic Chemistry, and Part B, Applications in Coordination, Organometallic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, J. Wiley Sons, New York, 1997. 

In this section we illustrate the problems that may be addressed using PAC spectroscopy by a variety of examples from the literature. We aim to cover the central aspects of application of PAC spectroscopy in bioinorganic chemistry using these selected examples, rather than to provide a description of all papers published in this field. 

The most common application of PAC spectroscopy in bioinorganic chemistry is the elucidation of the local structure at the PAC probe site. Selected examples of this type of application are covered in the following paragraphs. 

D Skoog, F. Holler, and T Nieman, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th ed (1998), Saunders (Philadelphia) An introductory coverage of analytical spectroscopy E Solomon and K Hodgson, Spectroscopic Methods in Bioinorganic Chemistry (1998), Oxford University Press (New York) An excellent, specialized book L Stryer, Biocbemistiy, 4th ed (1995), Freeman (New York), pp 52-53, 66-68, 457-458 Application of NMR and MS to biochemistry... 

Given the central importance of structure in applications of computer modelling in bioinorganic chemistry, it is not surprising to see an explosion of calculations soon after the publishing of reasonably accurate structural data. The hydrogenase system is a good illustrative example [98-111]. 

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